11209924
Description
Flashcards by Isabella N, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Isabella N
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| DNA + protein | chromatin |
| Histones are ____ that interact how? | Dimer; ionic |
| Histone 1’s job is...? | Stabilize the linker DNA between octomer |
| Nuclease is an enzy. that does what for cell? | Digests H1 so DNA can be active for cell |
| What proteins keeps looped domains looped? | Nonhistone scaffold proteins + nonscaffold protein |
| During what phase is DNA released? | Interphase |
| Heterochromatin is...? | Inactive DNA |
| Where does association for histones happen? | N-tails |
| How does an enzy. know how to change the association interaction on N-tail? | Gene dependent |
| What helps nucleosomes stay tightly packed on each other? | Histone tails |
| The covalent modification on serine of core histone tail. | Phosphorylation |
| Both ___ + ____ rely on the _____ for protein production. | Plants, animals; nucleus |
| What studds the nucleus? | Ribosomes |
| What organelle is attached to the nucleus? | Rough ER |
| Where is RNA made? | nucleolus |
| Nuclear pores are a way of communication between the ____ + ____. | Nucleus + cytoplasm |
| Nuclear pores acts as a _____ for the nucleus | Transporter |
| What usually goes into the nucleus? | Proteins |
| What usually leaves the nucleus? | RNA |
| Where does diffusion happen? | Transporter |
| The transporter will ____ incoming + outcoming molecules. | Recognize |
| What molecule is used by protein to enter nucleus? | Importin |
| Inside the nucleus, what happens when Importin binds to Ran-GTP? | Importin releases protein + GTP —> Importin stays on Ran-GTP —> leaves nucleus + breaks down |
| What is transcription? | Cell having access to DNA for use |
| For DNA to be released what needs to happen? | Modifying Histone Enzy. change the N-terminal on histones. |
| How is DNA repacked after being used by cell? | By remodeling complexes. |
| For the DNA to replicated/transcribed it needs to be what? | Free + loose for cellular use |
| Acetylation ____ acetyl groups + Deacetylation ____ them from _-____ ____ | removes; adds; N-terminal tail |
| Methylation is when an _____ that ___ methyl groups to _-___ ____ | enzyme; adds; N-terminal tail |
| Methylation is to___? | Makes DNA active/ inactive for transcription |
| Phosphorylases happens where and does what? | Serine on N-terminal tail; adds phosphate groups |
| Where are ribosomes made? | Nucleolus |
| What covalent changes does lysines undergo? | Acetylation, methylation |
| This enym. either wakes up/puts away gene expression. | Histone methyltransferase |
| This enzym. adds acetyl groups so chromatin is free to express its genes | histone acetyltransferase |
| This enzy. adds methyl groups so genes are either asleep/awake. | Histone methylases |
| These enzym.s are related to “sleeping” genes | Histone deacetylases, histone demethylases |
| @ each nuclear pore. | Nuclear pore complex |
| Transcription + RNA processing is done here + it needs ____. | Nucleus; proteins |
| Chromosomal replication happen in _____ needs ____. | Nucleus; proteins |
| How does small molecules get into nucleus? | Through nuclear pore via simple diffusion. |
| Nuclear pore complex can only take in molecules of this size. | equal to less than 9nm |
| How does larger molecules + proteins get into nucleus? | Active transport |
| What a protein's passcode to get into nucleus? | Their nuclear localization signal (NLS) |
| Who lets proteins into nucleus? | Nuclear pore complex |
| Some amino sequences on protein is __, which means...? | Bipartite; (2) different amino acid sequences are distant from the other |
| What amino acids are generally found in NLS (nuclear local. signal)? | Lysine + arginine (+ charged), porline |
| How many nucleolus is found in eukary.s? | 1-2 |
| What does nucleolus use to get their job done? | rDNA |
| How is a ribosome made? | rDNA --> rRNA - ribosome! |
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