Latin America History Timeline

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9th grade Geography Flashcards on Latin America History Timeline, created by Logan Koszyk on 04/12/2017.
Logan Koszyk
Flashcards by Logan Koszyk, updated more than 1 year ago
Logan Koszyk
Created by Logan Koszyk over 6 years ago
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The Colombian Exchange 1492 through Age of Exploration; The widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, human populations, technology, disease, and ideas between the American and Afro-Eurasian hemispheres transformed life in Europe, the Americas and Africa.
Conquest and Occupation of Latin America by Spain, Portugal, France, England, and the Netherlands (includes Treaty of Tordesillas) 1492-1800s (depending on which are of Latin America) Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494; Starting with Hispaniola, Spain conquered most of what we call Latin America. The largest exception is Brazil, which was conquered by Portugal. The treaty of Tordesillas was an agreement between Catholic Portugal and Spain to divide newly discovered lands outside of Europe between the two nations. The French, English, and Dutch also conquered smaller areas of land in Latin America, mostly in the Carribean.
1789 French Revolution and US constitution
Haitian Independence 1804; After more than a decade long fight afainst the Spanish, French, and even English, and under the leadership of Francois Toussaint Louverture, the Haitian slave uprising ends with Haitian independence.
Beginning of Mexican Revolution 1810; Father Manuel Hidalgo leads a peasant revolt against the Spanish ruling class in Mexico, Successful at first, the revolt fails and Father Hidalgo is executed. The revolt would simmer in Mexico for over a decade.
Mexican Independence 300 years after Cortes conquered the Aztecs and the Spanish conquered all of modern day Mexico and most of Central America, Mexico was established as an independent constitutional monarchy in the Treaty of Cordoba under the leadership of Augustin de Iturbide.
Brazilian Independence 1822; Napoleon's invasion of Portugal had sent the kind and crown prince, Pedro feeling to Brazil several years earlier. With Napoleon's defeat, the king eventually returned to Portugal. Shortly thereafter, Pedro and the ruling elite of Brazil petitioned the king to allow Brazil to become an independent nation with Pedro as its leader. The king of Brazil agreed. This was a relatively bloodless revolution in comparison to those in other parts of Latin America.
Simon Bolivar leads South Americans in modern day Venezuela, Colombia, Panama. Peru, Ecuador, and Bolivia, to independence Born to an aristocratic Spanish family in Venezuela, Bolivar was sent to Europe for his formal education, Steeped in the writings of French and American thinkers, he took a trip to Rome and vowed to free his country of Venezuela from the Spanish. From 1811 forward, he fought the Spanish and won major victories in Colombia in 1819, Venezuela and Ecuador in 1821 and Peru in 1824.
Texas Independence from Mexico 1835; Rebellion had been brewing in the Mexican territory of Texas for several years. In 1834, upon becoming Mexico's president, Santa Anna, a soldier and politician decided to lead Mexican armies into Texas and crush the Texans' rebellious spirit. In early 1836, after the Texans had declared themselves independent, the Mexican army defeated the Texans at Alamo. Six weeks later the main Mexican army was soundly defeated and Santa Anna was captured. He signed the treaty granting independence.
Mexican American War 1846-1848; Fought after Mexican troops fired on American troops in a disputed part of the border. The American army was vastly superior and won easily, taking the Mexican capital. The U.S. paid Mexico 15 milllion dollars and forgave 2 million in debt in return for about 55% of Mexican territory that now makes uo Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, California, Nevada, and parts of other states.
War of the Triple Alliance 1864-1870; The most devastating war ever fought in South America, the War of the Triple Alliance pitted Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil against Paraguay. When Uruguay was attacked by Brazil and Argentina in late 1864, Paraguay came to its aid and attacked Brazil. Ironically, Uruguay, then under a different president, switched sides and fought against its former ally. By the time the war was over, hundreds of thousands had died and Paraguay was in ruins. It would take decades for the nation to recover.
War of the Pacific 1879-1884; In 1879, Chile and Bolivia went to war after a dispute concerning the mineral rich Atacama Desert, then the part of Bolivia that touched the Pacific Ocean. It was rich in animal droppings used to make gunpowder and fertilizer. Other minerals were there as well. Peru, which had a military alliance with Bolivia, was drawn into the war as well. By 1881 the Chilean army had captured Lima and by 1884 Bolivia signed a truce. As a result of the war, Chile gained the disputed coastal province once and for all, leaving Bolivia landlocked, and also gained the province of Africa from Peru. The Peruvian and Bolivian nations were devastated, needing years to recover.
Spanish American War 1898; This was a conflict that ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas. The U.S. soundly defeated Spanish naval and army units and acquired Puerto Rico as well as the Philippines. Cuba became independent in 1902 after having fought for that independence from Spain since 1895 and being occupied by the U.S. from late 1998 to 1902.
Completion of the Panama Canal After an earlier French failure, the United States built the canal that traverses the isthmus of Panama. In order to do so, the U.S. supported Panamanian rebels in their bid to be free of Colombia. Upon their success, the Panamanian government allowed the U.S. to build and control the canal.
Communist Revolution in Cuba 1959; Fidel Castro led a people's revolt against Cuban dictator President Fulgencio Batista. This placed a communist nation friendly to U.S.S.R. 90 miles from the United States
NAFTA 1992; The North American Free Trade Agreement reduced or eliminated tariffs between the United States and Mexico for most goods, including manufactured goods. This marked the rise of Mexican manufacturing and the ascension of Mexico from 3rd to 2nd world status and U.S. manufacturers moved millions of jobs to Mexico.
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