Figures of speech

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Flashcards on Figures of speech, created by Malwina Wojcik on 04/12/2017.
Malwina Wojcik
Flashcards by Malwina Wojcik, updated more than 1 year ago
Malwina Wojcik
Created by Malwina Wojcik over 6 years ago
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Question Answer
Simile /ˈsɪmɪlɪ/ Semantic It is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things.
Metaphor /ˈmɛtəfə/ Semantic It is a figure of speech that makes an implicit, implied, or hidden comparison between two things that are unrelated, but which share some common characteristics (verb: to be)
Metonymy /mɪˈtɒnɪmɪ/ Semantic It is a figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something else with which it is closely associated. For example, “Crown” which means power or authority is a metonymy.
Synecdoche /sɪnˈɛkdəkɪ/ Semantic It is a literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part. For example, calling a car “wheels” is a synecdoche because a part of a car “wheels” stands for the whole car.
Allegory /ˈælɪɡərɪ/ Semantic It is a figure of speech in which abstract ideas and principles are described in terms of characters, figures and events.
Personification Semantic It is a figure of speech in which a thing – an idea or an animal – is given human attributes. The non-human objects are portrayed in such a way that we feel they have the ability to act like human beings.
Hyperbole /haɪˈpɜːbəlɪ/ Semantic It is a figure of speech that involves an exaggeration of ideas for the sake of emphasis.
Apostrophe /əˈpɒstrəfɪ/ Semantic A direct adress to a person or an abstract idea
Allusion /əˈluːʒən/ Semantic It is a brief and indirect reference to a well known person, place, thing or idea
Irony Semantic It is a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words.
Oxymoron /ˌɒksɪˈmɔːrɒn/ Semantic It is a figure of speech in which two opposite ideas are joined to create an effect.
Paradox /ˈpærəˌdɒks/ Semantic It is a statement that appears to be self-contradictory or silly but may contain a deeper truth
Pun Semantic A pun is a play on words in which a humorous effect is produced by using a word that suggests two or more meanings or by exploiting similar sounding words having different meanings.
Synesthesia /ˌsɪniːsˈθiːzɪə/ Semantic It refers to a technique adopted by writers to present ideas, characters or places in such a manner that they appeal to more than one senses like hearing, seeing, smell etc. at a given time.
Lilotes /ˈlaɪtəʊˌtiːz/ Semantic Litotes, derived from a Greek word meaning “simple,” is a figure of speech that employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, a positive statement expressed by negating its opposite expressions. For example, using the expression “not too bad” for “very good”
Antithesis /ænˈtɪθɪsɪs/ Semantic It is a rhetorical device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect. "small step for a man but a giant step for mankind"
Euphemism /ˈjuːfɪˌmɪzəm/ Semantic It refers to polite, indirect expressions which replace words and phrases considered harsh and impolite or which suggest something unpleasant.
Symbolism Semantic Symbolism is the use of symbols to signify ideas and qualities, by giving them symbolic meanings that are different from their literal sense. “smile” is a symbol of friendship “A chain,” for example, may stand for “union” as well as “imprisonment”
Alliteration /əˌlɪtəˈreɪʃən/ Sonic It is a stylistic device in which a number of words, having the same first consonant sound, occur close together in a series.
Assonance /ˈæsənəns/ Sonic Assonance takes place when two or more words, close to one another repeat the same vowel sound, but start with different consonant sounds. For instance, in the following sentence: “Men sell the wedding bells.”
Onomatopoeia /ˌɒnəˌmætəˈpiːə/ Sonic It is defined as a word, which imitates the natural sounds of a thing. It creates a sound effect that mimics the thing described, making the description more expressive and interesting.
Cacophony /kəˈkɒfənɪ/ Sonic Use of words with sharp, harsh, hissing and unmelodious sounds primarily those of consonants to achieve desired results.
Anaphora /əˈnæfərə/ Sonic/ Grammatical The deliberate repetition of the first part of the sentence in order to achieve an artistic effect
Asyndeton /əˈsɪndɪˌtɒn/ Grammatical It is a writing style where conjunctions are omitted in a series of words, phrases or clauses. It is used to shorten a sentence and focus on its meaning. "I came. I saw. I conquered"
Polisyndeton Grammatical It is a figure of speech in which several conjunctions are used to join connected clauses in places where they are not contextually necessary. For example, consider the following sentence: “The dinner was so good; I ate the chicken, and the salad, and the turkey, and the wild rice, and the bread, and the mashed potatoes, and the cranberry sauce.”
Chiasmus /kaɪˈæzməs/ Grammatical It is a rhetorical device in which two or more clauses are balanced against each other by the reversal of their structures in order to produce an artistic effect. “Never let a Fool Kiss You or a Kiss Fool You.”
Repetition Grammatical It is a literary device that repeats the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer and more memorable.
Parallelism /ˈpærəlɛˌlɪzəm/ Grammatical It is the use of components in a sentence that are grammatically the same; or similar in their construction, sound, meaning, or meter. "To err is human; to forgive divine"
Anadiplosis /ˌænədɪˈploʊsɪs/ Grammatical It refers to the repetition of a word or words in successive clauses in such a way that the second clause starts with the same word which marks the end of the previous clause. “When I give, I give myself.”
Epanalepsis Grammatical Repetition of the same words at the beginning and the end of a sentence.
Epiphora Grammatical Repetition of the same word at the end of each clause.
Circumlocution /ˌsɜːkəmləˈkjuːʃən/ Grammatical The use of many words where fewer would do, especially in a deliberate attempt to be vague or evasive
Juxtaposition /ˌdʒʌkstəpəˈzɪʃən/ Grammatical It is a literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts.
Archaism /ˈɑːkɪˌɪzəm/ Semantic It is a figure of speech in which a used phrase or word is considered very old fashioned and outdated. It can be a word, a phrase, a group of letters, spelling, or syntax.
Eulogy /ˈjuːlədʒɪ/ Semantic A eulogy is a literary device that is a laudatory expression in a speech, or a written tribute to a person recently deceased
Soliloquy /səˈlɪləkwɪ/ Semantic It is a popular literary device often used in drama to reveal the innermost thoughts of a character. In a monologue, a character usually makes a speech in the presence of other characters, while in a soliloquy, the character or speaker speaks to himself. By doing so, the character keeps these thoughts secret from the other characters of the play.
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