11908534
Description
Flashcards by Izzy Noone, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Izzy Noone
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Proof | A demonstration that something must be true. |
| Probability | The likelihood of something being true (or false). |
| A priori | Independent of sense experience. |
| A posteriori | Dependent on sense experience. |
| Inductive or empirical reasoning | Reasoning that arises from sense experience, and leads to a posteriori conclusions |
| Deductive or rational reasoning | Reasoning that arises independently of sense experience (mostly, mathematical and logical knowledge), and leads to a priori conclusions. |
| A fallacy | A logical error. |
| Anselm (1033-1109) | The founder of the Ontological argument. |
| Proslogion | Anselm’s book. |
| Necessary existence | Something with this cannot not exist. |
| Gaunilo | A French monk and contemporary critic of Anselm. |
| Rene Descartes (1596-1650) | Formulated an updated version of the Ontological argument. |
| Innate ideas | The ideas that are present in a human being’s mind at birth. |
| Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) | A critic of the Ontological argument. Said existence isn’t a property. |
| Gottlob Frege (1848-1925) | A critic of the Ontological argument. |
| A predicate | A compound made up of ‘is’ and some property a thing possesses. Eg, ‘Hannah is tall’. |
| First order predicates | First order predicates tell us about things, eg, ‘TWGGS was founded in 1905’. |
| Second order predicates | Second-order predicates tell us about concepts, eg, ‘TWGGS is an abbreviation’. |
| Norman Malcolm (1911-1990) | Devised a version of the Ontological argument based on the idea that although bare existence is not a predicate, necessary existence is a predicate. |
| Alvin Plantinga (1932- ). | Devised a defence of the Ontological argument built around the notion of ‘possible worlds’. |
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