11923125
Description
Flashcards by Anta Cisse-Graham, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Anta Cisse-Graham
over 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Protestant Reformation | a religious reform that made its way across Europe for more than a century; divided people |
| John Calvin | a religious leader who elaborated Martin Luther's idea in ways that affected the thought and character of generations of Americans |
| Church of England (1530s) | part Catholic and part Protestant religion created by King Henry VIII |
| "Puritans" | came from commercially depressed woolen districts; believed that only "visible saints" should be admitted to the church membership |
| Pilgrims | a group of separatists that longed to find a haven where they could live and die as English men and women and as purified |
| Plymouth Colony | a colony at Plymouth rock of Pilgrims where they didn't have the legal right to the land nor specific authority to establish a government |
| Captain Myles Standish | (Captain Shrimp) rendered indispensable service as an Indian fighter and negotiator |
| Mayflower Compact | an agreement to form a crude government and to submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon |
| William Bradford | a self-taught scholar; read Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French, and Dutch; was chosen as governor 30 times in the annual elections |
| Massachusetts Bay Colony (1629) | formed by an energetic group of non-separatist Puritans fearing for their fath; eventually merged wiht Plymouth colony |
| "Great Migration"(1630s) | about 7,000 refugees left England; about 20,000 came to Massachusetts; many were attracted to the warm and fertile West Indies than to Massachusetts |
| JOhn Winthrop | was the first governor of Massachusetts Bay; successful attorney and manor lord in England; helped Massachusetts prosper |
| "Freemen" | adult males who belonged to the Puritan congregations |
| Congressional Church | Puritan congregations |
| John Cotton | educated at Cambridge University; emigrated to Massachusetts to persecution for his criticism of the church |
| Anne Hutchinson (1638) | intelligent, strong-willed woman with 14 children; very logical on the Puritan doctrine of Predestination and was banished by the Puritan magistrate for it |
| Roger Williams | a Salem minister; extreme separatist; challenged the legality of the Bay Colony's character; denied the authority of civil government to regulate religions' behavior; built a Baptist church in Rhode Island; established complete freedom of religions |
| Rhode Island | became a place for freedom of opportunity; known as the "traditional home of the otherwise minded"; became very individualistic and strongly independent; was a squatter colony in 1636 until they claimed the land; secured a charter from Parliament in 1644 |
| Pequot War (1637) | a war between the Pequot tribe and English settlers; created four decades of tense peace between Puritans and Natives |
| King Philip's War (1675-1676) | coordinated attacks on New England villages; when it was over, 52 Puritan villages had been attacked and 12 were destroyed; King Philip was eventually beheaded |
| New England Confederation (1643) | Charles II was restored to the English throne returning the monarchy in England |
| Bay Colony Charter Revocation | as punishment for the colonies not listening to the royal orders, the colonies' charter was revoked |
| Dominion of New England (1686) | created by royal authority; designed to promote urgently needed efficiency in the administration of the English Navigation Laws |
| Navigation Laws | was to stitch England's overseas possessions more tightly to the motherland by making sure countries, not under the English crown, couldn't trade with America |
| Sir Edmund Andros | head of the new dominion; curbed town meetings; put heavy restrictions on the courts, press, and school system; revoked all land titles; taxed people without the consent of their elected representatives; enforced unpopular Navigation Laws |
| "Glorious" Revolution / William & Mary (1688-1689) | a bloodless revolution; dethroning the unpopular Catholic King James II; Protestant rulers of the Netherlands; Dutch-born William III and English wife Mary, daughter of James II |
| Dutch East India Company | a company founded by the Dutch; challenged the supremacy of England; supported an army of 10,000 men and a fleet of 190 ships |
| Henry Hudson | hired by the Dutch-East India Company; thought he discovered a shortcut through the continent but claimed land for the Dutch; now known as New York |
| New Netherland (1623-1624) | located in Hudson River area; established the Dutch West India Company for its quick profit fur trade |
| New Amsterdam | (New York City) a company town; run by and for Dutch company; attracted a cosmopolitan population (common in seaport towns) |
| Peter Stuyvesant (1655) | led a small military expedition; intolerant of religion; lived in a constant state of friction with the prominent residents of New Amsterdam |
| New York (1664) | Charles II granted the area of New Amsterdam to his brother, the Duke of York; Peter Stuyvesant surrendered New Amsterdam and was renamed New York in honor of the Duke of York |
| Society of Friends / "Quakers" | Quakers were offensive to both civil and religious authority; refused military service; wanted civil and religious freedom |
| William Penn | an Englishman who became a Quaker; wanted to create a safe haven for his people; managed to secure a grant of land from the king |
| Pennsylvania (1681) | named after William Penn's deceased father; was very welcoming to looking spirits and substantial citizens; the promise land of Indian-white relations |
| The middle or " bread colonies" | New York, New Jersey, Delaware, and Pennsylvania; fertile soil; heavy grain exports; rivers introduced water-wheel power; forests were great for lumbering and shipbuilding; lots of diversity |
| Benjamin Franklin | Founding father who lived in the middle colonies, was a painter, writer, inventor, and diplomat; was highly respected even in England |
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