1276279
Description
Flashcards by itstinachen, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by itstinachen
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How are the different types of monosaccharides distinguished? | By: - the carbonyl group they possess -- aldehyde or ketone - the number of atoms in their carbon backbone |
| What are the two simplest monosaccharides called? Include their # of carbons + functional group. | 1. Glyceraldehyde 2. Di-hydroxyacetone (in the triose group) |
| Draw ribose | is an aldehyde a pentose (5C) |
| Draw ribulose. | - has ketone group - a pentose (5C) |
| Name the 3 types of hexose sugars. | Glucose Galactose Fructose |
| Draw alpha glucose and beta glucose | |
| Draw a full structural diagram showing the formation of sucrose | |
| Draw a full structural diagram showing the formation of lactose |
Image:
lactose.gif (image/gif)
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| Draw a full structural diagram showing the formation of maltose | |
| Draw alpha and beta galactose. | |
| Draw alpha and beta fructose. | |
| Triose monosaccharides include _____________ as the aldose and ____________ as the ketose group | 1) glyceraldehyde 2) dihydroxyacetone |
| Pentose include __________ as the aldose group and __________ as the ketose group | 1) ribose 2) ribulose |
| What is a glycosidic linkage? How are they formed? | - Covalent bonds holding monosaccharides together. - They are formed by condensation reactions where the H atom comes from the OH group of a sugar the -OH group comes from a hydroxyl group of the other |
| Name the three disaccharides | sucrose lactose maltose |
| Important functions of polysaccharides in living cells are...? Give examples of each function. | - energy storage; ex) starch and glycogen - structural support; ex) cellulose and chitin |
| What is an isomer? | Compounds with the same molecular formula, but different structure. (ex- alpha and beta molecules) |
| Starch is made of long chains of ________________. It contains 25-30% _________ and 70-75% _________________. Branched chains with alpha __ - __ glycosidic bonds every 24-30 glucose units. | - made of long chains of alpha-glucose molecules - 25-30% amylose - 70-75% amylopectin - alpha 1-6 glycosidic bonds |
| Glycogen: found in _______ and _________ of animals. Made of _________ molecules, similar to _______________. Its shape is __________________. | 1) liver 2) muscles 3) alpha glucose 4) amylopectin 5) highly branched |
| Cellulose - found in __________ - composed of ______________ - held together by __ __-__ glycosidic links - shape is ___________ | 1) plant cell walls 2) ß-glucose molecules 3) ß 1,4 glycosidic links 4) straight, parallel chains |
| Chitin; - found in __________ and __________ - Made of _________ molecules, it is chemically similar to cellulose by each glucose has an __________ group attached | 1) fungi cell walls, exoskeleton of insects 2) ß-glucose 3) amine (NH2) |
| What do most monosaccharides form in aqueous solutions? | Monosaccharides with five or more carbons are linear molecules in the dry state, but readily form ring structures when dissolved in water. |
| Amylose is a straight chain polymer of ___________ with _________ glycosidic linkages | 1. alpha-glucose 2. alpha 1-4 |
| Amylopectin is a branched-chain _____________ polymer with __________ linkages in the main chain and __________ linkages at the branch points. | 1.alpha-glucose 2. alpha-1–4 3. alpha 1-6 |
| Plants store starch as ___________ ______________. | insoluble granules |
| Chitin’s physical and chemical properties make it useful in medical applications, such as... | contact lenses and the tough, yet biodegradable, stitches that decompose as a wound heals. |
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