Cell Biology - Absite

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Surgery - Absite Review Flashcards on Cell Biology - Absite , created by Jennifer Huber on 28/05/2018.
Jennifer Huber
Flashcards by Jennifer Huber, updated more than 1 year ago
Jennifer Huber
Created by Jennifer Huber almost 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question Answer
Main Transporter that keeps intracellular compartment negative Na/K-ATPase 3Na out/2K in
Extracellular Na, K, Ca, Mg Na - 140 K - 4 Ca - 5 Mg - 2
Intracellular Na, K, Ca, Mg Na - 12 K - 150 Ca - 10^-7 Mg - 7
Extracellular Cl, HCO3, SO4, HPO4, Protein, Organic Anions Cl - 103 HCO3 - 24 SO4 - 1 HPO4 - 2 Protein - 16 Organic Anions -5
Intracellular Cl, HCO3, HPO4, Protein Cl - 3 HCO3 - 10 HPO4 - 116 Protein - 40
Desmosome cell-to-cell adhesion molecules
Hemidesmosomes cell-to-ECM adhesion molecules
Tight Junction cell-to-cell occluding junctions impermeable barrier (epithelium)
Gap Junctions Allows communication between cells (connexin subunits)
G proteins GTPases, intramembrane proteins, transduce signal from receptor to response enzyme
Ligand-triggered protein kinase receptor and response enzyme are a single transmembrane protein (ex. receptor TK, insulin, epidermal GF)
ABO blood type antigens glycolipids on cell membrane
HLA-type antigens glycoproteins on cell membrane
Cell Cycle G1, S (protein syn + chr duplication), G2, M (mitosis, nucleus divides)
What part of the cell cycle determines the cell cycle length? G1
Components of Mitosis Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Prophase centromere attachment, centriole and spindle formation, nucleus disappears
Metaphase Chromosome alignment
Anaphase Chromosome pull apart
Telophase separate nucleus reforms around each set of chromosomes
Nucleus Double Membrane, outer membrane continuous with rER
Nucleolus inside nucleus, no membrane, ribosomes are made here
Transcription DNA strand is used as a template by RNA polymerase for synthesis of an mRNA strand
Transcription Factors bind DNA and help the transcription on genes Ex: steroid, thyroid, AP-1, NF-KB, STAT, NFAT
Initiation Factors bind RNA polymerase and initiate transcription
DNA polymerase chain reaction uses oligonucleotides to amplify specific DNA sequences
Purines Guanine and Adenine
Pyrimidines Cytosine Thymadine (in DNA) Uracil (in RNA)
Number of bonds b/w pyrimidines and purines guanine 3H bonds w/ cytosine adenine 2H bonds w/ T or U
Translation mRNA used as a template by ribosomes for synthesis of proteins
Glycolysis 1 glucose generates 2 ATP and 2 pyruvate
Mitochondria 2 membranes Krebs cycle on inner matrix NADH/FADH2 created
Krebs Cycle Citric Acid Cycle 2 pyruvate molecules created creates NADH and FADH2 then to ETC 1glucose = 36ATP
Electron Transport Chain NADH and FADH2 enter and form an H+ gradient and create ATP by ATP synthase
Gluconeogenesis Lactic Acid (Cori Cycle) and AA (#1 Alanine) are converted to glucose
Cori Cycle liver converts muscle lactate onto new glucose
rER synthesizes proteins that are exported (increased in pancreatic acinar cells)
sER lipid/steroid synthesis, detoxifies drugs increased in liver and adrenal cortex
Golgi Apparatus modifies proteins with carbohydrates; proteins are then transported to cellular membrane, secreted, or targeted to lysosomes
Lysosomes have digestive enzymes that degrade engulfed particles and worn-out organelles
Phagosomes engulfed large particles; these fuse with lysosomes
Endosomes engulfed small particles these fuse with lysosomes
Phospholipase C cleaves phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphonate (PIP2) into DAG and inositol 1, 4, 5 triphosphate (IP3) IP3 then release Ca from sER
Protein Kinase A activated by cAMP, phosphorylates other enzymes and proteins
Myosin thick filaments, uses ATP to slide alone actin to cause muscle contraction
Actin Thin Filaments, interact with myosin
Intermediate Filaments Keratin (hair/nails) Desmin (muscles) VImentin (fibroblasts)
Microtubules form cilia, neuronal axons, mitotic spindles involved in transport of organelles in cell centriole
Centriole a specialized microtubule involved in cell division (forms spindle fibers, pull chromosome apart)
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