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Flashcards by michellelynnlebl, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by michellelynnlebl
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is pangenesis? | Heredity between species, strange blending (example minotaur). |
| What was preformationism? | Traits are transmitted directly (even Darwin believed this) |
| What did Lamarck think? | Traits would blend. From simple to advance forms (perfection). Transmutation: species change over time. Acquired traits. |
| What did JB Lamarck write? | Philosophie Zoologique |
| Define: Heritable trait | characteristics of an individual that can be passed on from one generation to the next. |
| Define: Gene | The determinant factor of a characteristic of an organism. A sequence of DNA that codes for the production of a particular protein. Often these lead to an observable phenotype. |
| Define: Locus | the specific place on a chromosome where the gene is located |
| Define: allele | one of the possibnle states (variations) of a gene. The specific nucleotides in the DNA. Are demonstrated as letters; eg: A or a, indicating dom or rec. |
| Define: Genotype | the genes, alleles, that an individual possesses. |
| Define: phenotype | the observable attributes of an individual that come from genotype. Often called "trait" |
| Define: True Blending | a group of genetically identical individuals that always produce offspring of the same phenotype when interbred. Often used in agriculture & show/ race animals. |
| Define: homozygote | a diploid organism with 2 copies of the same allele for a gene (homozygous) eg TT or tt |
| Define: heterozygote | A diploid organism with different alleles for a gene (heterozygous) ex Tt |
| Why was Mendel lucky with the plant and phenotypes he chose to observe? | He chose phenotypes with dominant/recessive relationships. |
| Name 4 reasons why Mendel chose the pea plants. | -easy to cultivate -pollination was easy to control -Male and female parts in same flower, self-fertilizing (helps with the establishing of the breeding lines) -Some work had already been done |
| What do P and F1 stand for? | P= parent generation F1= first filial generation |
| Define: monohybrid cross | Hybrid for one character |
| Define: Reciprocal cross | A paired cross in which the genotype of the male in one cross is present in the genotype in the female in the second cross and vice versa. |
| Define: self | monoecious (having both male and female organs) plants crossed with themselves |
| Define: Law of Segregation | Parents' alleles stay segregated |
| Name Mendel's four postulates | -Unit factors (alleles) in pairs (genes) [one from mom and one from dad] -Dominance and recessiveness -Segregation (no blending) -Independent assortment |
| Name Mendel's 2 laws | -Law of segregation and law of -independent assortment |
| 3 points on the Law of Segregation | -Factors (alleles) stay separate from each other in the body -Either can be passed on to offspring -There is no blending |
| Why are Punnett Squares useful? | To predict and keep track of the allele combinations in cross |
| Know what a dihybrid cross is | Okay. |
| The prodcuts or meiosis are: | 4 haploid cells |
| The products of mitosis are: | 2 diploid cells |
| The presence of Cyclin regulates passage through the check points in the cell cycle, what regulates the presence of Cyclin? | cell size and age |
| Passage through the check points in the cell cycle is regulated by? | cyclin |
| When both chromosomes of the same type (in a diploid cell) are replicated, they consist of which? | 1 homologous pair, 2 chromosomes, 4 chromatids |
| What is a homologous pair? | A pair of the same chromosome type (consisting of one chromososme from each parent |
| What is a chromatid? | A replicated chromosome consisting of 2 identical sister copies |
| What is a chromosome? | A structure consisting of DNA and histone that contain genes |
| The scientific method (3 points) | Is based on obeservation, hypothesis, and testing; Can lead to valid, but incorrect theories; Is based on falsification Select all of the above that apply |
| Scientific is: | Understanding the natural world through natural means; SUbject to bias; Knowledge based on the best and most recent evidence |
| Which of the following apply to mitosis: a Produces 2 cells b Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell c DNA is recombined in prophase 1 d Produces 4 habloid sex cells e Conserve genome from one cell generation to the next f Occurs only in diploid cells g Growth and repair h Conserves the amount of genetic information from one generation to the next | ABEG |
| What condition allows for male calico cats? | XXY |
| Red hair is recessive (rr). How do you explain a red hair child from a blond hair mother and brown hair father, when we know the child has a blond and brown allele. | Epistasis |
| The AB blood type is a example of? | co-dominance |
| Wavy hair texture in an offspring who's mother has curly hair and who's father has straight hair is an example of? | Incomplete dominance |
| Regardless of how many alleles are in a population, a diploid organism can have at most... | 2 |
| What were the F1 results when Mendel crossed true breeding tall plants with true breeding dwarf plants? | All tall |
| What did Lamarck think happened to the parents traits in the offspring? | blend |
| When breeding two Palominos, what is the expected phenotype ratios? | 1/2 palominos 1/4 chestnut 1/4 cremello |
| Can you have true breeding palominos? | No |
| Which of the following apply to meiosis: a Produces 2 cells b Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell c DNA is recombined in prophase 1 d Produces 4 habloid sex cells e Conserve genome from one cell generation to the next f Occurs only in diploid cells g Growth and repair h Conserves the amount of genetic information from one generation to the next | CDFH |
| Which of the following apply to mitosis: a Produces 2 cells b Daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell c DNA is recombined in prophase 1 d Produces 4 habloid sex cells e Conserve genome from one cell generation to the next f Occurs only in diploid cells g Growth and repair h Conserves the amount of genetic information from one generation to the next | ABEG |
| What is co-dominance? | Situation in which the individual expression of both alleles is in the phenotype. (3rd phenotype expressed as a blend of the 2 dominant alleles; no corresponding allele for that phenotype, just a dual expression) ex- black and white spots are black and white alleles |
| What is incomplete dominance? | The situation in which both alleles influence the phenotype. (looks like lamarcks blending) ex- grey chickens are black and white alleles |
| Are blood types an example of multiple alleles? | Yes, (polymorphic) |
| Give an exanple of dominance heiarchy | Black over brown over light brown |
| Know lethal alleles | okay |
| What is epistasis? | Interaction between genes such that one prevents the expression of another gene. cc masks C even though its recessive |
| What is the chromosomal theory of inheritance? | Chromosomes are the carriers of genes and the basis for the mendelian mechanismsof segregation and independent assortment (in meiosis) |
| Define: Homogametic | -The sex with copiesof the same sex chromosome (females) -It can produce only one type of game with respect to sex chromosomes (x) |
| Define: Heterogametic | -The sex with 2 different copies of the sex chromosome (males) -It can produce 2 different types of gametes with respect to sex chromosomes. |
| Define: hemizygous | The condition where a gene is present in a single dose in an otherwise diploid organism. |
| Who came up with the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance? | Walter Sutton and Theodor Bover |
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