Hydrochlorothiazide

Description

Flashcards on Hydrochlorothiazide , created by Em J on 08/06/2018.
Em J
Flashcards by Em J, updated more than 1 year ago
Em J
Created by Em J almost 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question Answer
Trade names Dithiazide
Therapeutic class diuretic
Pharmacological class Thiazide diuretic
indications HTN Oedema
Action Increases sodium and water excretion by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the nephrons distal segment.
Therapeutic effect Lowers blood pressure, increases water and sodium excretion
Absorption 50 - 60 % absorbed by the GIT
Distribution Crosses the placental but not blood-brain barrier - can be found in breast milk
Metabolism & excretion Not metabolised but is excreted rapidly by kidneys
Half-life 6- 12 hours
Contraindications/precautions Contraindicated in individuals hypersensitive to other thiazide or other sulfonamide derivatives and in those with anuria. Use cautiously in: children and individuals with severe renal disease or impaired hepatic function.
Possible adverse reactions CNS: dizziness, headache, vertigo CV: orthostatic hypotension, dehydration Eye: blurred vision GI: anorexia, N + V, abdo pain, diarhhoea, constipation GU: frequent urination, polyuria, renal failure Metabolic: hypokalaemia, hyperglycaemia, fluid and electrolyte imbalance, gout
(interactions) Use with Corticosteroids can cause hypokalaemia and electrolyte depletion Opiates can increase orthostatic hypotensive effect Lithium can inc. risk of lithium toxicity Insulin can dec. effect of hypoglycaemic drugs
Nursing assessment implications Blood Pressure Monitor fluid intake and output, weight, blood pressure, serum electrolyte levels Monitor serum creatinine and urea levels regularly Monitor blood glucose level Monitor blood uric acid level
Education Take drug with food to minimise GI upset Take drug in morning to avoid nocturia. Tell patients to report adverse effects and Watch for signs of hypokalemia - muscle cramps/weakness Wear sunscreen when outdoors
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