14274095
Description
Flashcards by Aaishah Din, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Aaishah Din
almost 6 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| differentiation | - as an organism develops, cells differentiate to form different types of specialised cells - most types of animals cells differentiate at early stages of development while many types of plant cells retain the ability to do so throughout their lives |
| what happens during differentiation? | → as a cell differentiates, it obtains different sub cellular structures that enable it to carry out a particular function and become a specialised cell |
| NERVE cells | specialised to carry electrical impulses around the body, providing a rapid communication system between different parts of the body |
| ADAPTATIONS - of a nerve cell - | 1. DENDRITES make connections with other cells 2. AXONS carry the nerve impulse from place to place 3. SYNAPSES are adapted to pass the impulses to cells = SAD |
| MUSCLE CELLS | specialised cells that can contract and relax in pairs to move the bones of the skeleton → in the digestive system, they form layers and contract to squeeze the food through your gut! |
| striated (STRIPED) muscle cells | - contain PROTEINS - slide over each other, making them fibres contract - MANY MITOCHONDRIA transfer the energy needed for the chemical reactions as the cells contract and relax - store GLYCOGEN a chemical that can be broken down and used in respiration to transfer energy by mitochondria |
| SPERM cells | fertilise the egg to make a baby |
| ADAPTATIONS - sperm cells - | - long TAIL helps the sperm move - middle section is full of MITOCHONDRIA - chromosome stores digestive ENZYMES - large NUCLEUS contains DNA to be passed on MENT |
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