Chapter 10: Muscles

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Anatomy (Muscles) Flashcards on Chapter 10: Muscles, created by Karina Khachaturova on 22/03/2019.
Karina Khachaturova
Flashcards by Karina Khachaturova, updated more than 1 year ago
Karina Khachaturova
Created by Karina Khachaturova about 5 years ago
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Question Answer
What are the four unique characteristics of muscle tissue? Excitability Elasticity Extensibility Contractility
What are the functions of Skeletal Muscle Tissue? Body Movement Temperature regulation Storage & movement of materials Support Glycemic control
What are the bundles that the muscles fibers are organized into called? Fascicles
Explain the relationship between myofibers, myofibrils and myofilaments Myofiber is also known as a mucle fiber which is a name for a single cell of muscle. Myofibrils are along, rod-shaped organelles in the myofiber that creates the striations. Myofilaments are the contractile proteins that are located within the myofibril.
What are the two types of myofilaments? Proteins actin and myosin
What is the plasma membrane and cytoplasm in muscles called? Sarcolemma and sarcoplasm
What are the three components of this connective tissue? Epimysium: Densse irregular connective tissue that cover all of the muscle and sepparates it from the others Perimysium: dense irregular connective tissue that seurrounds the fascicles Endomysium: areolar connective tissue that surrounds individual muscle fiber.
What is the function of the tendon? It usually extends beyond the muscle and attaches it to the bone.
What are the origin and the insertion? Origin is the place where the muscle attaches and doesn't move Insertion is the place of attachments that moves -The origin and insertion that change - When the muscle contracts the insertion is pulled towards it's origin.
What is the name od the muscle's endoplasmic reticulum and it's main function? Sarcoplasmic reticulum, it stores calcium that is used for muscle contraction
What is the function of transverse tubules? Transverse tubules or T tubules are deep invaginations of sarcolemma (plasma membrane) that enable muscle impulses to spread quickly internally to insure that the deep lying myofibrils are going to contract in the same time.
Describe the nerve and blood composition in the muscle Every muscle has one artery and at least two veins. Nerves and vessels branch off to supply every muscle fiber
What is muscle's specialized function? The special function is to convert the chemical energy in ATP into the mechanical movements
What is byarticular muscle? It's when 2 or more joints are moved by one muscle
What do direct and indirect attachments mean? Direct attachment means that the muscle attaches directly t0 the bone because the tendons are to short to reach it Indirect attachment means that tendon extends well beyond the muscle
What do tendons attach to? Besides from bones, sometimes tendons attach to sin, cartilage or fascia
What elso do the muscle fibers have? They have mitochonria and glysosomes, both of whicn supply energy for movement
What is the basic contraction unit? Myofibril is a long row of repeated segments called SACROMERES
What are the Z disks? The boundaries at the end of each secromere
What are the 4 categories of muscle action? Prime mover - Muscle that produces most of the froce during a particuar joint action Synergist - muscle that aids the prime mover. May contribute additional force, modify the direction of movements, or stabilize a nearby joint. Antagonist - opposes the prime mover. Provents excessive movement. Soemtimes relaxes to give mover control over the actio. Fixator - muscle that prevents the movement of bone.
What are the two types of muscles? Intrinsic muscle -muscle that is contained within the region. For example: the hand Extrinsic muscle - acts on a designated region, but has one attachment elsewhere. Example: extrinsic muscle in the forearm.
What kind of myofilaments does the sacromere have? •Microfilaments -- Actin •Troponin •Tropomyosin -- Myosin •Heads contain two binding sites •Actin and ATPase
What is Titin? Titin is a springlike molecule that resists overstretching –Holds thick filaments in place –Unfolds when muscle is stretched
What is Dystrophin? –Transfers forces of muscle contraction to connective tissue ultimately leading to tendon –Genetic defects in dystrophin produce disabling disease muscular dystrophy
What are somatic motor neurons? •Somatic motor neurons –Nerve cells whose cell bodies are in the brainstem and spinal cord that serve skeletal muscles –Somatic motor fibers—their axons that lead to the skeletal muscle –Each nerve fiber branches out to a number of muscle fibers –Each muscle fiber is supplied by only one motor neuron
What are small and large motor units? •Small motor units—fine degree of control–Three to six muscle fibers per neuron –Eye and hand muscles•Large motor units—more strength than control –Powerful contractions supplied by large motor units with hundreds of fibers –Gastrocnemius of calf has 1,000 muscle fibers per neuron
What are the three types of skeletal muscle fibers? Slow Oxidative Fibers Fast Glycolytic Fibers Fast Oxidatative Fiber
What are the characteristics of Slow Oxidative Fibers? Slow Oxidative Fibers: Are red because they have an abundant amount of myoglobin, an oxyge-binding pigment in their sarcoplasm. They contract slowly and are extrimely resistant to fatigue. Example would be musces of the lower back.
What are the characteristics of Fast Glycolytic Fibers? Fast Glycolytic Fibers: Are pale because they contain little myoglobin Generate the most power Contain few cappilaries and mitochondria and a lot of glysosomes Examples would be: upper limbs
What are the characteristics of Slow Oxidative Fibers? Slow Oxidative Fibers: Contract fast and have high myoglobin level
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