Mass Communication

Question	Answer
Mass communication	A process in which the mass media send us messages
Mass media	Large-scale systems of communication which reach large audiences simultaneously.
How often do US Americans spend on average with media?	9 1/2 hours
SMCR MODEL	Image: Ec640580 85 C5 4 F2 E 8582 Edc773947 C2 F (binary/octet-stream)
What things interfere with the SMCR Model? What’s the difference between them?	Interference from NOISE, both internal and external. Internal being psychologically and external being physical noise(noise in the environment, any physical distraction.)
What are the contexts of interference in the SMCR model?	Physical: anything physical, setting or place, things clothes... Social: relationships (friends, relatives, strangers) Cultural: beliefs, attitudes, values
What are the Levels of Communication?	Intra personal: intra- inside, 1 person. Interpersonal: inter- between; 2 people Group: 3-15 people Public speaking: one to many (giving little feedback but several in audience)
What is Mass communications made up of?	- Media sources(creators/producers) -Media message (Content, receiving cultural values) Entertainment, information and shared values ——> successful ——>convention (how it works) ——> invention (new ideas) -media channels (transmission technology ) -media receivers (audiences)
What are the four facets and what do they interpret for mass comm?	Economic(marketing): how do business practice affect the mass media? Cultural: how do beliefs and behaviors affect the mass media? Vice versa? Technology: How do new technologies affect the mass media? Legal: how do laws and government affect the mass media? Vice versa
What are the two ways media makes money? What are they called?	Directly ($ from sales to users) Indirect ($ from advertising) These are known as revenue streams
How do corporate structures maximize profits?	Through chains. All one type of media; newspapers, they can maximize cost, though the more people you reach,
What two kinds of networks are there?	Owned and operated (this station gets it all) Affiliates (share profit with the network. You don’t have to pay for stuff when you use o&o helping with marketing promotional contracts.)
What is a Concentration of ownership?	Conglomerates (different media; one company) Owns different types of companies and media.
Explain Cross Media. Vertical integrations?	Owning of many types of media (like streaming) (that’s why textbooks are expensive) - vertical integration is the control of all aspects of one medium (movies; hobbits)
What are the three levels of movies?	Production, distribution and exhibition. (Principle goes out the window (defrenestration)
Legal models, how do they impact media?	Government and laws effect the ,ass media, content can be limited or left alone. This affects culture Certain business practices can be made illegal This affects the economy and consumers Laws can restrict or allow technology
What are the five ways governments and the mass media interact ?	Soviet, authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility, 3rd world or developmental.
Explain the legal model SOVIET	Mass media is government owned and operated. Content is propaganda. Pravda - truth. Censorship happens before production. Upper-level management communist.
Explain the legal model AUTHORITARIAN.	Monarchies. Government issues licenses. Same control over content and business. Censorship after production.
Explain the legal model LIBERTARIAN	“Free marketplace of ideas” no control over content and business. NO Censorship
Explain the legal model Social Responsibility	Starts with libertarian idea (but) adds some regulations and censorship Dem(P) no content censorship/business regs, Rep(C) content censorship business few to none.
Explain the legal model 3rd world or Developmental.	Didactic use of media to raise standard of living. Helping use stuff, sometimes government controlled may be sponsored by outside organization.
Myth: Only one inventor	S.F.B. Morse, the Telegraph, numerous discoveries inventions were needed to build this machine. I.e. electricity, galvanism (Battery), strong electromagnet. There were people in France, Germany, and England working on similar machines.
Myth: technology advances and improves	CONCRETE, GAS LIGHTING, PYRAMIDS Primary example; FM radio E.H Armstrong vs. David Sarnoff (CEO of RCA)
“The medium is the message” (marshal mluhan) This was dominant communication mediums that shape culture, give examples,	Writing; pictographs, phonetic alphabet (Rosetta taxes) Chemistry/mechanical: sound recording, motion pictures. Electricity: Telegraph, radio, television. Electronic/computer: satellites, PC, social media
What was the Gutenberg Legacy?	Gutenberg and printing changed culture in many ways. Scholarship/research/pagination-literacy Oral traditions: teach/learn, standardize. Languages Authorship/commercialization - mass production. (Own/copyright) Religion: reformation (Martin Luther)
Cultural issues in the Mass Media; Popular vs. high art.	High arts is established and for “educated” people. Popular arts are mostly mass mediated.
Cultural issues in the mass media p; Powerful vs. limited effects.	How powerful is the media? Limited - Diversion ID
Cultural Issues in the Mass Media; Affect vs. Reflect	Do the mass media affect us or merely reflect reality? Discourse theory. Media defies issues Simplifies some issues Makes others complex.
Cultural Unification vs. Division, How do the mass media bring us together and separate us in the past?	In the past, there were fewer media. Content in all media was aimed at large audiences. Less options in all media was aimed at large audiences. Less options meant bigger audiences per medium. More people used the same medium or specific product at the same time. Content was middle of the road. The media didn’t want to offend anyone. This often lead to moral consensus.
Cultural Unification vs. Division, How do the mass media bring us together and separate us Today?	There are more media outlets. Content in most media is aimed at narrowly defined demographics (narrowcasting). More options lessen audience size per medium. Fewer people use the same medium or specific product at the same time. Some content is intentionally decisive. Progressive or conservative.
Explain a Economic Media Convergence:	More media today are owned by fewer companies. (Monopoly)
Explain Legal Media Convergence	Deregulation and laws such as telecommunications act of 1996 aid economic convergence.
Explain Technological media convergence	Devices like tablets and cellphones can do more things.

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	Created by Skyla Stroupe over 4 years ago