1952229
Description
Flashcards by carrie.r.harris, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by carrie.r.harris
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Drugs which directly stimulate muscarinic receptors resulting in cholinergic effects that mimic parasympathetic responses (parasympathomimetic or cholinomimetic effects) | Muscarinic receptor agonists (stimulate ACh) |
| Muscarinic Rcptr Agonists Acetylcholine (Miochol-E) Bethanechol (Urecholine) Carbachol (Isopto Carbachol and Miostat) Cevimeline (Evoxac) Methacholine (Provocholine) | Acetylcholine (ACh) and Synthetic Choline Esters |
| (muscarinic receptor agonist) Intraocular solution: indicated to obtain miosis (pupil constriction) after delivery of the prosthetic lens in cataract surgery, as well as in penetrating keratoplasty, iridectomy, and other anterior eye chamber surgery where rapid miosis may be required | Therapeutic use of Acetylcholine (Miochol-E) |
| (M rcptr agonist) Tablets: indicated for the treatment of acute postoperative and postpartum non-obstructive (functional) urinary retention & for neurogenic atony of the urinary bladder with retention; off-label use for gastroesophageal reflux disease | Therapeutic use of Bethanechol (Urecholine) |
| (M rcptr agonist) Ophthalmic solution: indicated for lowering IOP in glaucoma & intraocular solution for inducing mitosis during ophthalmic surgery (not as susceptible to Atropine) | Therapeutic use of Carbachol (Isopto Carbachol and Miostat) |
| (M rcptr agonist) Capsules: indicated for the treatment of dry mouth (xerostomia) in patients with Sjorgren's syndrome (an autoimmune disorder assoc. with salivary & lacrimal gland injury leading to severe dry mouth & dry eyes - may be paired with lupus or RA) | Therapeutic use of Cevimeline (Evoxac) |
| (M rcptr agonist) Inhalation sol'n: indicated for the diagnosis of bronchial airway hperreactivity (BBW: methacholine is a diagnostic tool and is not to be used as a therapeutic agent) | Therapeutic use of Methacholine (Provocholine) |
| M Rcptr Agonists Arecoline Muscarine Pilocarpine | naturally occurring parasympathomimetic (cholinomimetic) alkaloids |
| (M rcptr agonist) (naturally occurring parasympathomimetic (cholinomimetic) alkaloid -Alkeloid from the areca nut commonly referred to as betel nut- | Arecoline |
| M rcptr agonist Naturally occurring parasympathomimetic (cholinomimetic) alkaloid -alkaloid from the mushrooms Amanita muscaria and Inocybe- | Muscarine |
| M rcptr agonist Naturally occurring parasympathomimetic (cholinomimetic) alkaloid -alkaloid from the leaves of the South American Pilocarpus plant- | Pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine, Pilopine HS, Salagen) |
| (M rctpr agonist) Opthalmic solution & gel: open-angle glaucoma; Tabs: dry mouth from salivary gland hypofunction caused by radiotherapy for cancer of the head & neck, as well as dry mouth assoc. w/Sjogren's syndrome; off-label: dry eye syndrome & relief of dry mouth in pts w/graft vs host disease | Therapeutic use of Pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine, Salagen) |
| Major alkaloid of areca (betel) nuts. Red staining, commonly consumed as a euphoric by the native pple of the Indian subcontinent, East Indies, & Southeast Asia. Masticatory mxtr known as a betel quid (paan), which is composed of the areca nut & slaked lime wrapped in leaves of Piper betle, a species of pepper | *Arecoline* M rcptr agonist naturally occurring parasympathomimetic (cholinomimetic) alkaloid |
| Contributes in part to the toxic effects resulting from the consumption of Amanita and Inocybemushroom species. Sx of toxicity include salivation, lacrimation, nausea, vomiting, h/a, visual dist., abdom. cramping, diarrhea, bronchospasm, bradycardia, & poss. hypotension & shock. | *Muscarine* M rcptr agonist naturally occurring parasympathomimetic (cholinomimetic) alkaloid |
| The major alkaloid obtained from the leaves of South American shrubs of the genus Pilocarpus. SA natives have chewed the leaves to promote salivation. The alkaloid was isolated in the late 1800s followed by elucidation of the actions of pilocarpine on the pupil (mitosis) and on the sweat and salivary glands (stimulation) | *Pilocarpine* M rcptr agonist naturally occurring parasympathomimetic (cholinomimetic) alkaloid |
| Acetlcholine, methacholine, carbachol, and bethanechol are (absorbed / poorly absobed) from the GI tract. | Because they are quaternary amine's they are all poorly absorbed from the GI tract. Also, they have limited ability to cross the blood-brain barrier into the CNS. |
| Arecoline and pilocarpine (are / are not) readily absorbed into the GI tract | they are both readily absorbed across the GI tract and both also enter the CNS |
| T or F Although muscarine is a quaternary amine, it is capable of producing systemic effects, including CNS effects, upon oral ingestion | True |
| Alkaloids and Choline esters are (Direct acting or indirect acting) drugs | direct-acting drugs |
| Direct-acting drugs are drugs that are | M rcptr agonists that directly stimulate M rcptrs (cholinoreceptor stimulating drugs) |
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