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| Question | Answer |
| freedmen | men and women who had been slaves |
| Reconstruction | the rebuilding of the South after the Civil War |
| Ten Percent Plan | Lincoln's plan for the Reconstrustion proposed in 1863: 1.) ten percent of voters had to swear loyalty 2.) abolish slavery |
| amnesty | government pardon (part of Lincoln's plan for everyone except for former Confederate leaders) |
| Wade-Davis Bill | plan for reconstrustion proposed by the Republicans in Congress 1.) majority swear loyalty 2.) denied right to vote and hold office to anyone who had volunteered to fight for the Confederacy |
| Freedmen's Bureau | a government agency created to help former slaves |
| Thirteenth Ammendment | banned slavery throught the nation |
| black codes | laws that severely limited the rights of freedmen |
| Radical Republicans | members of the Republican party of Congress who vowed to take control of the Reconstruction |
| Fourteenth Ammendment | defines citizens states cannot take away rights of citizens |
| Radical Reconstruction | period of Reconstruction controled by the Radicals |
| Reconstruction act of 1867 | threw out governments that had not ratified the 14th must write new constitutions must ratify 14th African Americans must be allowed to vote |
| impeach | bring formal charges against |
| 15th Ammendment | couldn't deny the right to vote because of race |
| scalawags | white southern Republicans |
| carpetbaggers | Northerners who came to the South after the war |
| Conservatives | white southerners who had held power before the war and resisted Reconstruction |
| Ku Klux Klan | the most dangerous secret organization in the south that used violence and terror to wage a war against African Americans and the whites that sheltered them |
| sharecroppers | rented and farmed a plot of land planters provided seed, fertilizer, and tools in return for a share of the crop at harvest time |
| poll taxes | required voters to pay a fee each time they voted |
| literacy tests | required voters to read and explain a section of the Constitution |
| grandfather clauses | laws stated that if a voter's father or grandfather had been eligible to vote on January 1, 1867, the voter did not have to take a literacy test |
| Segregation | the legal seperation of races |
| Jim Crow Laws | laws that separated races in public spaces and even cemetaries |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | Supreme Court ruled that segregation was legal if the facilities were equal |
| "New South" | the south that used its natural resources to build up its own industry instead of depending on the North |
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