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Description
Flashcards by Malachy Moran-Tun, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Malachy Moran-Tun
about 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is Evolution? | The change in characteristics of a species over a long period of time |
| What is a fossil? | The preserved remains of a dead organism (rip) from millions of years ago |
| Who / What are the 4 main pieces of Evidence for Human Evolution? | Ardi, Lucy, Leakey's Discovery of Fossils and Stone Tools |
| What are 3 Facts about Ardi? | 4.4 Million Years Ago Discovered in 1992 Ardipithecus ramidus 1.2m Tall 50kg Able to climb trees Femoid Probably Walked Upright |
| What are 3 Facts about Lucy? | 3.2 Million Years Ago Discovered in 1974 Australopithecus afarensis 1.07m Tall Modern Human-like Toes Femoid Probably Walked Upright |
| What are 3 Facts about Leakey's Discovery? | 1.6 Million Years Ago (both) Discovered in 1960s Homo habilis Quite Short :,) Walked Upright Long Arms AND Discovered in 1984 Homo erectus 1.79m Tall |
| What are 3 Facts about Stone Tools? | Ages Determined by Different Layers of Rock Oldest Tool Simple - Newest Tool Sophisticated Oldest Tool from 3.3 Million Years Ago |
| What is Natural Selection? | When the best adapted individuals survive longer changes |
| What is Inheritance? | When survivors from natural selection breed and pass on their variations through genes |
| What is Genetic Variation? | When the characteristics of an individual vary due to differences in the genes, some of which are caused by mutations |
| What is Environmental Change? | When the conditions in an area change, eg, a lack of food resources causes competition between organisms |
| What are the Steps to Describe Evolution? | 1. Genetic Variation 2. Environmental Change 3. Natural Selection / Survival of the Fittest 4. Inheritance 5. Evolution |
| Who first Published the Theory of Evolution? | My man Charlie Darwin |
| What has Darwin's Work Contributed to? | > The study of Genetics > Classification of Species > Molecular Biology |
| Fill in the Blank: Individuals with ____________ characteristics may be well ____________ if an ____________ changes | extreme adapted environment |
| What is the Five Kingdom System? | Carl Linnaeus came up with the Five Kingdom System, which classified organisms using Latin names. The two smallest groups (genus and species) give an organism their name |
| What is the Problem with the Five Kingdom System? | It is based on physical characteristics and not evolutionary history |
| What is Convergent Evolution? | When one characteristic evolved similarly and separately in a different species |
| What System do Scientists use Now? | The Three Domain System |
| What is the Three Domain System? | A system that ranks organisms by their DNA and how closely they're related to each other |
| What is Selective Breeding? | It's the process of choosing animals / plants with the desired characteristics and breeding them together to produce the best offspring. |
| What is a Breed? | A group of animals in the same species that have characteristics which make them different to other members of that species |
| What is a Variety? | A group of plants in the same species that have characteristics which make them different to other members of that species |
| What are 2 Reasons Why Plants / Animals would be Bred? | > Disease Resistance > Higher Yield > Flavour > Fast Growth |
| What is Tissue Culture? | The growing of cells or tissues either in a liquid containing nutrients or on a solid medium |
| What is Aseptic Technique? | Using methods that prevent contamination of your culture from micro-organisms |
| What can Tissue Culture be used for in Medical Research? | To Study How: > Cells Communicate with Eachother > Cancers Develop and Spread > Viruses... exist > Infected Cells Respond to Medicines and > To Develop Tissues |
| What can Tissue Culture be used for in Plant Breeding? | To Produce: > New Plants of Rare Species (usually that are at Risk of Extinction) > Individual Plants that are Difficult to Grow from Seeds > Clones of GM Plants |
| What is Genetic Engineering? | Changing the DNA of an organism by inserting genes from another in order to create genetically modified organisms (GMOs). This process is much faster than artificial selection but also much more expensive you capitalist pig $$$ oink oink |
| What is a Vector in Genetic Engineering? | A DNA molecule that is used to carry new DNA into another cell |
| Fill in the Blanks: In genetic engineering, you choose the ___________ gene, then use a __________ _______ to cut out the required gene. These _________ make staggered cuts in the DNA double helix called ________ ________ | desired restriction enzyme enzymes sticky end |
| Fill in the Blanks: In a plasmid in genetic engineering, you use the same ____________ _______ to cut, exposing the same _________ _____. Mix the open ________ with the ______. The complementary _______ on the ____ _____ will pair up | restriction enzyme sticky ends plasmids genes bases sticky ends |
| Fill in the Blanks: In genetic engineering, a ________ enzyme is used to join ________ _____ together. Insert the ________ back into the bacteria. Bacteria are then grown in huge tanks | ligase sticky ends plasmids |
| What are some Benefits to Using GMOs? | > Crops will be resistant to herbicides > Insulin produced can be used by non-pork / beef eaters > GM bacteria can produce insulin for Type 1 diabetes > Crops will be resistant to insecticides > Use less herbicides |
| What are some Risks to Using GMOs? | > Genes may have unknown consequences in the wild > Seeds for GMOs are expensive > Some people think that GMOs are bad for health > GMO crops may reproduce with wild ones and spread the resistant genes |
| oi you | hello you should take a quick break right now, get some water or something idk stay hydrated ok cool now let's go be smort |
| What are some Issues in Agriculture? | Insects are Pests - They Reduce Yield Disease can Spread Throughout a Crop and Reduce Yield |
| Fertilisers. 3, 2, 1, GO! | Fertilisers are substances that add plant nutrients to soil, such as artificial fertilisers containing nitrogen or manure (made from animal waste) Mineral salts are naturally occurring compounds found in rocks and soils. Plants need ions from these compounds to produce new substances Fertilisers increase the growth and yield of crop plants, however, if it is not all absorbed, some may get into nearby streams, rivers and lakes. This can cause pollution and lead to death or organisms in the water. It can also cause health problems to humans. but who cares about them?contain mineral ions, such as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus that plants need to absorb from the soil in order to make healthy new cells. |
| Biological Control. 3, 2, 1, GO! | Biological control is using organisms to kill problem organisms, such as pests or weeds. Using insecticide is not the only way to control insect pests. For over 1,000 years, Chinese farmers have placed weaver ants in citrus trees. The predatory ants remove insect pests so help to increase crop yield. Biological control can also control weeds. St John's Wart became a weed when it was introduced into the USA. It grows well in grassland, but can cause illness in farm animals when eaten. Instead of using herbicides, Chrysolina beetles were introduced, which reduced them to 1% of the original amount in 10 years. |
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