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Description
Flashcards by rachelfarmerx, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by rachelfarmerx
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Define personality? | An individuals predisposition to behave in a certain way |
| Describe and explain Hollanders model | Hollander suggested that our personality is a layered structure, with an inner core of beliefs, values and attitudes. This inner core which is fairly permanent and unlikely to change, affects the next layer. The middle layer shows our typical response to the situation. The role related behaviours shows our actual response to different situations, and is the most changeable aspect of our personality. |
| Define Interactionist theory: | An explanation of behaviour that assumes that our personality depends on our traits and on the environment. |
| Define Traits: | Innate, enduring personality characteristics that allow behaviour to be predicted. |
| Can we measure personality? | Measuring personality is difficult, not least because there is no clear definition as to what personality is! Nevertheless, several ways of measuring personality have been devised, and personality tests are frequently used in the sports setting. |
| what is a talent identification programme? | A systematic method of identifying and selecting those who have the ability or qualities to progress further to a higher competitive level. |
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a questionnaire to measure personality? | They are cheap and easy to produce. They are fairly reliable and can be used almost everywhere e.g. side of a pitch or court Produce a lot of data to be analysed. Validity is the biggest disadvantage. How can a personality questionnaire be valid when we don't know what personality is? |
| What are the advantages and disadvantages of using interviews to measure a persons personality? | Advantages: Have greater validity than questionnaires and can uncover issues within the individual as answers are not limited to yes and no. Disadvantage: Low reliability. Also depends on the ability of the interviewer to interpret the answers given. It is also expensive and time consuming method. |
| What are the advantages and disadvantage of observation for measuring personality? | Advantage: Observing an individuals behaviour in a real life setting has the advantage that the person is more likely to operate as they would naturally. Disadvantage: Expensive and time consuming and may have low validity. |
| Define profile of mood states (POMS) | A way of measuring the moods of those who participate in sport |
| What does POMS measure? | Tension, depression, anger, vigour, fatigue and confusion |
| Define an iceberg profile: | The POMS profile (e.g. higher vigour) that is associated with successful athletes |
| What are the issues related with using iceberg profile findings? | They are not applicable to all performers. It must be remembered that not all elite performers in every sport show an iceberg profile. |
| Why did Eysenck link extroversion to sport? | Because extroverts have naturally lower levels of arousal and can therefore cope with pain and they are more likely to seek new stimuli. Extroverts are believed to be able to cope with stressful situations and the distracting stimuli that are found in most sports. |
| Define achievement motivation theory: | The theory that an individuals behaviour is determined by their interaction with their environment and their desire to succeed. |
| Define need to achieve (nAch) | The motivation to succeed to attain particular goals; people with nAch type personalities show approach behaviour |
| Define Need to avoid failure (Naf): | The motivation to avoid failure; people with Naf personalities show avoidance behaviours |
| What are characteristics of a nAch personality? | Show approach behaviours, seeks out challenges, is concerned with standards of performance and excellence- will do extra training, enjoys performing in situations where they are being evaluated, is not afraid to fail, attributes performance to internal factors, keeps going at tasks for longer, values feedback from others |
| What are the characteristics of a Naf personality? | Show avoidance behaviours, avoids challenging tasks, avoids situations where success is 50:50 and evaluation is possible, performs worse when being evaluated, tends to be preoccupied with failure, attributes performance to external factors, lacks task persistence, does not value feed back |
| Define ego oriented: | interpreting success as a sign of superiority over others |
| Define task oriented: | Interpreting success as playing well. |
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