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| Question | Answer |
| Outline the trait perspective | Personality is determined through genes inherited from parents. All behaviour is innate and genetically programmed From this it is concluded that behaviour is predictable |
| What are the disadvantages of the trait perspective? | In reality behaviour is not always predictable Doesn't take into account the effect environment has on behaviour |
| Give the formula for the trait perspective | Behaviour = Function of personality B = F(P) |
| What are the four main personality traits that Esyenck identified? Where do they go on this diagram? | |
| Describe the personality type extrovert | Affiliate well to other people Outgoing Become aroused more slowly Low sensitivity of the reticular activating system |
| Describe the personality type introvert | Shy and reserved Prefer isolation from others Become aroused more quickly High sensitivity of the reticular activating system |
| Describe the personality type neurotic | Display extreme and unpredictable emotions Mood swings Moods are unreliable Experience high degrees of stress Recovery from stress is slow |
| Describe the personality type stable | Display predictable emotions Moods are predictable Don't experience extreme stress Recover from stress is rapid |
| Define psychoticism | The third scale which Eysenck added to his personality model. It measures how tender or tough minded people are. |
| What is the purpose of Cattell's 16PF test? | To profile personalities. He analysed 16 personality characteristics rather then 4 |
| EPQ stands for? What was it used for? | Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire Profile personalities |
| Define the narrow band theory | A theory proposed by Girdano that there were two personality types Type A Type B |
| Give characteristics of a type A personality | Highly competitive Work fast Strong desire to succeed Likes control Prone to suffer stress |
| Give characteristics of a type B personality | Non-competitive Works more slowly Lacks desire to succeed Does not enjoy control Less prone to stress |
| Make links between the narrow band theory and introverts and extroverts | People that have type A personalities are likely to be extroverts People that have type B personalities are likely to be introverts |
| Define the social learning perspective | All behaviour is learned. Learning occurs through environmental experiences. Personality is not genetically programmed |
| Give the formula for the social learning theory | Behaviour = Function of Environment B = F(E) |
| Who proposed the social learning theory? | Bandura |
| What are the two processes that learning takes place in the social learning theory? | The behaviour of others being imitated through observation New behaviour being acquired after observation, but only when it is endorsed through social reinforcement. |
| Give an example of a performer learning through the social learning theory | A novice cricketer who does not regularly train, sees that James Anderson puts a lot of effort in training to become a good player resulting in the novice training hard. |
| What is social learning often termed as? | Vicarious learning |
| Identify with examples where appropriate the conditions that support social learning | Behaviour is demonstrated by a significant other The role model is powerful and authoritative The observer and the role model are the same gender When the person wants to adopt the norms and values |
| Identify the drawback with the social learning theory | It doesn't take into account genetically inherited factors |
| Who proposed the integrationist approach? | Hollander |
| Describe Hollander's 3 personality levels | *Psychological core - True self inaccessible - Constant *Typical response - Changeable learned behaviours -Become modified as the person responds to environmental situations Reflect the makeup of the personality core *Role related behaviour - Most external -Most easily changed -Individual may have to change this throughout the day depending on role. -Direct consequence of the environment |
| What levels of hollanders personality levels allow learning to take place? | The 2 outer levels |
| Give the formula for the Interactionist approach | Behaviour = Function of personality X Environment B = F(PxE) |
| Define Personality Profiling | Analysing a performers personality traits to be used to determine sports performance and specific roles in sport |
| What types of positions should Type A personalities or extroverts play? | Attackers |
| What type of position should introverts and Type B personalities play? | Defenders |
| Identify the 7 limitations of personality profiling | Proof Evidence Subjectivity Invalidity Modification Reliability Stereotyping |
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