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| Question | Answer |
| Amendment | A change made to a document. |
| Assimilate | To fully understand information. OR To adapt and to be like another group of people. |
| Bias | Agreeing with something or against something usually in an unfair manner. |
| Bicameral | A legislative body with two branches. |
| Blockade | Closing off a certain place to prevent goods from getting in and people from leaving or coming in. |
| Boomtown | When a town grows fast due to prosperity. |
| Capitalism | A political or economical system in which a country's industry and trade is controlled by a private ownership not by the state. |
| Captain of Industry | Someone who makes a lot of money for a good cause and is helping others while doing so. |
| Checks and Balances | This is a system made to keep the government from getting to powerful in one of the branches. |
| Congress | The legislative body of a country. |
| Due process of law | Fair treatment through the normal judicial system. |
| Economics | A branch of knowledge that deals with the transfer of wealth. |
| Emancipated | To be set free from restrictions. For example the slaves got emancipated (set free) from working for the whites. |
| Enfranchise | To give the right to vote to. |
| Enumerated | To do a number of things. An example sentence: I don't have enough time to enumerate all of this homework. |
| Federalism | When the government is divided into national, state and local. |
| Forty-niners | An explorer who wanted to find minerals and gold during the California gold rush in 1849. |
| Free Enterprise | An economic system where there are very few restrictions given to business activities. |
| Habeas Corpus | It requires people to be able to be brought before a judge or court. |
| Industry | When factories manufacture goods with raw materials. |
| Judicial | Relating to courts of law or judgement. |
| Ku-Klux-Klan | An organization that was created after the Civil War to assure white supremacy using violence. |
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that the United States needed to expand West. |
| Martyr | Someone who is killed due to their religion or belief. |
| Monopoly | When a company/business overpowers others and takes away competition. |
| Nomadic | To move around from place to place. |
| Override | To reject or cancel. For example Congress voted to override Andrew Johnson's veto. |
| Popular Sovereignty | When the power is vested in the people. The people get to vote on the government. |
| Ratify | Making something official. |
| Radical | Far-reaching change or action. |
| Republicanism | When the head of state is a representative of the people. |
| Robber Baron | Someone who makes a lot of money but does not help others and only cares about them and their money. |
| Rural | An area relating to farming and agriculture. |
| Separation of Powers | Separating the government into different bodies and each one having different jobs. (The three branches of government are the legislative, executive and judicial branch.) |
| Social Darwinism | A theory that people are subject to natural selection same as plants and animals. The most capable will survive. |
| Suffrage | The right to vote in political elections. |
| Supreme Court | The highest judicial court in a country or a state. (The US Supreme Court consist of 9 justices.) |
| Tariff | A tax or duty that has to be paid on goods being brought into a country. |
| Taxation without representation | When a government makes taxes for a certain group of citizens to pay even if the citizens do not give permission. |
| Trade Union | An organization of workers who come together to achieve goals that they have in common. |
| Urban | An urban area (city or town) |
| Veto | The right to reject a decision that was made by the law-making body. |
| Thomas Jefferson | -Wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776 -Made the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 -Sent Louis and Clark on their expedition in 1804 -Founding Father -3rd president of the United States |
| Andrew Jackson | -Led the Trail of Tears -Named Major General in the US army during the War of 1812 -Defeated the British at the Battle of New Orleans -7th president |
| Sacagawea | -Guided the Lewis and Clark expedition -Known for her bravery -Part of the Shoshone tribe |
| James K. Polk | -11th president of the United States -Got the United States the most land out of all the presidents |
| Frederick Douglass | -A great African American speaker -Wrote and autobiography about his life as a slave -Escaped slavery |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | -Author of the famous book Uncle Tom's Cabin -Helped abolish slavery |
| John Brown | -Abolitionist -Abolitionist that believed in violence -Led the Harpers Ferry Raid |
| Robert E. Lee | -Attended West Point - Confederate general during the Civil War -Forced to surrender during the Civil War |
| Andrew Johnson | -17th president of the United States -Was the first president to get impeached -Vice president for Abraham Lincoln -Southern Democrat |
| Susan B. Anthony | -Gave women the right to vote -Fought for women's suffrage - Worked with Elizabeth Cady Stanton -Led the first Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls |
| Sitting Bull | -Native American chief of Sioux tribe -Refused to leave his land when the white settlers tried to take it -Many battles between Native Americans and white settlers |
| Cornelius Vandrbilt | -Got rich off of railroads -Found a way to make railroads transport things faster, and cheaper -Captain of Indusrty |
| John Rockefeller | -Rich off of oil -Found a way to produce oil faster and cheaper |
| Andrew Carnegie | -Found a way to produce steel faster and cheaper -Captain of Industry |
| George Custer | -Attended West Point -United States Army officer and cavalry commander in the Civil War and American Indian Wars -Served for the Union Army in the Civil War |
| Jamestown | -In Virginia -First official English settlement in the Americas -First Colony in the British Empire |
| Plymouth | -First Thanksgiving was held here -Passengers of the Mayflower came here -Pilgrims and Native Americans made peace |
| Lexington and Concord | -The battles that were fought here on April 19, 1775 was the starter of the Revolutionary War -Americans had weapons stocked here for these battles -First shot that is known as "The shot heard around the world" was fired at Lexington Concord |
| Erie Canal | -Built between 1817-1825 -Links together the waters of Lake Erie in the west and the Hudson River in the east -Improved transportation by connecting the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean making ships travel much faster and easier - |
| The Alamo | -President General Antonio Lopez's Mexican troops launched an assault on the Alamo mission |
| Harper's Ferry | -On October 16, 1859 John Brown led a raid here -Originally part of Virginia |
| Fort Sumter | -Located in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina -The first battle of the American Civil War |
| Gettysburg | -July 1-3 1836 -Had the most casualties -General Lee brought army to Pennsylvania -Union and Confederate's Armies battled for 3 days -Lee left field and never invaded the North again -Union won |
| Appomattox | -Lee's surrender was held at the Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865 |
| Ford's Theater | In Washington D.C -Where John Wilks Booth assassinated President Lincoln while attending the play "Our American Cousin" |
| Decloration of Independence | -Signed July 4, 1776 -Stated that America wanted independence from Great Britain |
| Revolutionary War | -The British tried to gain more money after the French and Indian War so they taxed Colonist -Colonist were angry about all of this "Taxation without representation" -Taxes, Boston Massacre, Intolerable Acts, and more all led up to this war |
| Promontory Point, Utah | Once the workers finished the transcontinental railroad, they had a huge celebration here. |
| Ellis and Angel Island | Immigrants would come to these islands when they traveled here |
| Articles of Confederation | The original United States Constitution that was ratified in 1781 but failed and we now have a new constitution that was ratified in 1789 |
| Great Compromise | One of the most important compromises. It decided how each state would be represented in Congress. |
| Louisiana Purchase | -President Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana territory from France in 1803 -The Louisiana Purchase almost doubled the size of the United States -He got it for a good price and a good deal for about 4 cents an acre |
| Indian Removal Act (The Trail of Tears) | -Andrew Jackson led this -Moved all Native Americans west forcing them out of their homes -Many people died during this time they had to walk to their new destination -This was a sad and depressing time |
| Underground Railroad | -A secret way to sneak slaves to help them be free -Harriet Tubman was the conductor of this underground railroad -Saved many slaves -Not actually a railroad underground |
| Seneca Falls Convention | -Where the first ever women's rights convention was held -Led by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton -Held on July 18-19, 1848 |
| Emancipation Proclamation | -Abraham Lincoln issued this on January 1, 1863 -Freed slaves in all states of rebellion |
| Civil War | -The Civil War took place from April 12, 1861- April 9, 1865 -Against the North(Union) and the South(Confederates) -Started when the Southern states seceded from the Union after the election of Abraham Lincoln -At the time the president for the Confederates was Jefferson Davis |
| Gettysburg Address | -Abraham Lincoln's speech -One of the most famous speeches of all time -Took place on the Gettysburg battle ground -The speech was to remember all of the soldiers who died in that battle -For the soldiers to know that they did not die in vain and it states how they died for a good cause |
| Reconstruction | -The time following the Civil War -A time where everyone was fixing what as broken from the war and putting our nation back together -Not a happy time in facts reconstruction was just like a war -A lot of disagreements -Took place 1865-1877 |
| Reconstruction Amendements | -13, 14, and 15th amendment -The 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States -The 14th amendment grants citizenship for the people -The 15th amendment gave African American males the right to vote |
| Passing the Constitution | The passing of the Constitution was not an easy process you had federalist and anti-federalist. The federalist wanted a strong government without a Bill of Rights added to it and the anti-federalist wanted a weaker government and did not want a Constitution without a Bill of Rights. So we now have a Bill of Rights added onto our Constitution and we have a strong government. The first Constitution known as the Articles of Confederation which failed and now we have our strong Constitution. |
| Adding the Bill of Rights | The passing of the Constitution was not an easy process you had federalist and anti-federalist. The federalist wanted a strong government without a Bill of Rights added to it and the anti-federalist wanted a weaker government and did not want a Constitution without a Bill of Rights. So we now have a Bill of Rights added onto our Constitution and we have a strong government. The first Constitution known as the Articles of Confederation which failed and now we have our strong Constitution. |
| Missouri Compromise | Banned slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36, 30 parallel, except within the borders of Missouri which would be a slave state and Main would be a free state. |
| Mexican-American War | The war fought between Mexico and America from 1846-1848 -Gained America land |
| California Gold Rush | -1849 -When gold nuggets were discovered in Sacramento Valley the Gold Rush began. -After the news many gold minors traveled either by sea or by land to San Fransisco for this gold. |
| Homestead Act | On May 20, 1862 Abraham Lincoln signed a the Homestead Act. It provided 160 acres of public land to settlers to improve Western migration. But, in return homesteaders had to pay a fee and had to stay there for 5 years in order to claim that land. |
| Industrial Revolution | The time period when machines were becoming more advanced. It was the transition to manufacturing goods. |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | During this case the Supreme Court ruled that African Americans were not considered American citizens and could not sue in court. It also said that Congress was not powerful enough to ban slavery in the United States. |
| Compromise of 1850 | -It determined whether slavery would be allowed or not in states -Territory acquired from Mexico during the Mexican-American War -California was submitted a free state and Mexico territory which included, Arizona and Nevada were slave states |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | -1854 -These two territories provided provided residence to see if they would be slave states and it caused violence between the pro and anti- slavery advocates |
| Fugitive Slave Act | -Part of the Compromise of 1850 -California was a free state -Slavery party received concessions for save holding in Texas |
| Gilded Age | The 30 years following the end of the Civil War. A superficial period of intense economic growth. |
| Indian Wars | After the Civil War, Americans came into the Great Plains with disagreements with the Western Indian tribes. Americans came onto Indian lands and threatened their way of life. This broke out in Indian Wars. |
| Populist Party | -Organized in 1892 in St. Louis -Made to represent the common folk mostly farmers |
| Civil War draft riots | -New York City 1863 -Where men would go and get drafted so that they could fight in the Civil War. |
| Completion of the Trans-Continental Railroad | -Completed May 10, 1869 -For the first time in America railways linked together east and west -Presidents of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific meet in Utah and put in the last spike that would connect these railroads. |
| Bleeding Kansas | -Also known as Bloody Kansas or the Border War -A series of violence involving anti-slavery, Free-Staters, and pro-slavery. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | On June 7, 1892 a 30 year old Homer Plessy was sent to jail for siting in a "white car" on the East Louisiana Railroad. He could easily pass for a white but under the Louisiana Law he was considered black so therefore he was required to sit in the "colored car" |
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