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Description
Flashcards by Jessica Leininger, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Jessica Leininger
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Amendment | A change or addition to a document. |
| Assimilate | To become a part of a group based on your beliefs and customs or to adapt to new customs. |
| Bias | Being in favor of one side while being unfair to the other. |
| Blockade | Sealing off a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving. |
| Boomtown | A town experiencing a quick or sudden growth due to sudden prosperity. |
| Capitalism | An economic system that has private ownership in production and market forces determine the way goods are produced and decide how the income and profit are distributed. |
| Bicameral | Composed of two legislature branches or chambers. |
| Checks and Balances | System in which each branch has somewhat control over another. This system was built so that no one branch of our government could become too powerful. |
| Congress | The bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States consisting of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. |
| Due Process of Law | Fair treatment through the judicial system, especially as a citizen's entitlement. |
| Economics | Dealing with the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. |
| Captain of Industry | Successful, industrious leaders who transformed american economy with their business skills. |
| Robber Baron | Cruel businessmen achieving wealth with unfair labor. |
| Ku Klux Klan | A secret society organized in the south after the Civil War to reassert white supremacy in means of terrorism. |
| Reconstruction | Time after civil war where congress passed laws to rebuild the country and bring the south states back into the union. |
| Emancipated | Freed from bondage |
| Ratify | To approve formally |
| Habeas Corpus | A legal written command requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court. Lincoln suspended this to keep Southern sympathizers from causing trouble. |
| Robert E. Lee | Commander of the confederate forces during the Civil War. |
| Andrew Johnson | Lincoln's vice president who was president after Lincoln was assassinated and became known as the veto president because he wanted to make it easy on the south and hard on African Americans. |
| Appomattox Courthouse | This is where the war is considered to have ended when Lee surrendered to the union. |
| Fort Sumter | The first battle of the civil war; this is where the people realized it would be a long bloody, war. |
| Gettysburg | Turning point in the Civil War when the northerners gained morale |
| Veto | To reject a decision or law proposal. |
| Override | Reject or change original decision. |
| Popular Sovereignty | People are the source of the governments power. |
| Separation of Powers | Each of the three branches of government has its own responsibilities. |
| Federalism | Power is divided between federal, national, and state governments. |
| Republicanism | People elect their political representatives. |
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that the U.S. should expand from coast to coast. |
| Rural | Characteristic of the countryside. |
| Urban | Characteristic of a city or town. |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | Abolitionist who was the author of Uncle Tom's Cabin |
| Jamestown | First permanent English settlement in the New World. |
| Enfranchise | Give the right to vote to. |
| Enumerated | Mentioned or listed. |
| Martyr | Someone killed for a religious cause. |
| Tariff | A tax to be paid. |
| Forty-niners | Person going to the gold rush in 1849. |
| Free Enterprize | Where businesses are able to compete with each other with little control by the government. |
| Industry | Processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods in factories. |
| Judicial | The branch in the government that interprets the law. |
| Monopoly | When a company or group owns all or almost all of the market for a type of product or service. |
| Nomadic | Roaming from place to place aimlessly. |
| Radical | Representing or supporting an extreme or radical section of a political party. |
| Suffrage | The right to vote in political elections. |
| Supreme Court | The highest judicial court in a country or state. |
| Trade Union | Workers who have come together to achieve common goals such as having a better work environment. |
| Taxation without representaion | People of colonies being taxed by the British government despite not having a representative government official to express the views of the citizens of the colonies. |
| Social Darwinism | It interprets the "survival of the fittest" concept to mean that only the best adapted will be successful. |
| Thomas Jefferson | An American Founding Father, the main author of the Declaration of Independence, and the third President of the United States. |
| Andrew Jackson | 7th president of the US who successfully defended New Orleans from the British in 1815. |
| Sacagawea | Accompanied the Lewis and Clark Expedition as an guide during their exploration of the Western United States. |
| James Polk | 11th President of the United States who expanded our country west and became known as Mr. Manifest Destiny. |
| Frederick Douglas | United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer. |
| John Brown | A white American abolitionist who believed violence was the only way to get rid of slavery. |
| Susan B. Anthony | An American social reformer and feminist who played a huge role in the women's suffrage movement. |
| Sitting Bull | Led his people as a tribal chief during years of resistance to United States government policies. |
| George Cluster | A United States Army officer and commander in the Civil War and the American Indian Wars. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | American businessman who built his wealth in railroads and shipping. |
| John Rockefeller | Industrialist who made a fortune in the oil business and gave half of it away. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry. |
| Plymouth | Plymouth was founded in 1620 by the Pilgrims, passengers the Mayflower. New England was first established here. |
| Lexington and Concord | Fought on April 19, 1775 and was the start of the American Revolutionary War. |
| Erie Canal | A New York canal that shaped the future of our nation by shipping goods from place to place. |
| The Alamo | A place in Texas where there was a battle between a small group of U.S. soldiers and a large Mexican army. |
| Harper's Ferry | Place where John Brown attempted to start an armed slave revolt. |
| Ford's Theater | Place where Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth. |
| Promontory Point, Utah | Union and Central Pacific Railroads joined their railroads here in 1869 and the First Transcontinental Railroad in the United States was officially completed. |
| Ellis Island and Angel Island | Immigration stations in the United States |
| Declaration of Independance | The document created to establish the United States as a nation. |
| Revolutionary War | The war fought for Americans that gain independence from Britain. |
| Articles of Confederation | The first written constitution of the United States but it was later changed and the country developed. |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | A United States Supreme Court decision involving the constitutionality of state laws having racial segregation in public facilities. |
| Indian Wars | When the Civil War was over, many Americans came to the great plains threatening the native ways of life by forcing them on to reservations. Little Bighorn and Geronimo were just a few of the Indians who had fought back against the government. |
| Adding the Bill of Rights | First 10 amendments added to the United States Constitution that carry the basic rights of all citizens. At first the Bill of rights was disapproved upon but later added. |
| Louisiana Purchase | The purchase by the United States from France of the Louisiana Territory in 1803. It was purchased by Thomas Jefferson and he had struck a great deal on it. |
| Missouri Compromise | An agreement reached between the pro-slavery and anti-slavery people and their views on the extension of slavery into new territories. Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Maine was admitted as a free state, and Slavery was forbidden at the southern boundary of Missouri. |
| Great Compromise | Compromise between the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan that created a bicameral legislature, equal representation in the senate, and representation in the House of Representatives to be proportional to population. |
| Mexican-American War | A war fought between the United States and Mexico. The United States won the war, accomplishing its manifest destiny of expansion. Mexico had lost nearly all of present-day California, Utah, Nevada, Arizona, and New Mexico. |
| Indian Removal Acts | The law authorized the president to negotiate with Indian tribes in the Southern United States for their removal to territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their homelands. The path they followed west is known as the Trail of Tears. |
| California Gold Rush | Gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California. The news of gold brought about 300,000 people to California. Of the 300,000, approximately half arrived by sea, and half came overland from the east, on the California Trail and the Gila River trail. |
| Homestead Act | encouraged migration going west by giving settlers 160 acres of land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a fee and were required to complete five years of residence before receiving ownership of the land. |
| Industrial Revolution | Transition from an agricultural based country to an industrial country by using manufacturing processes. |
| Passing of the Constitution | George Washington was the first to sign the document. In order for the Constitution to become law, it then had to be ratified by nine of the 13 states. It took awhile but Rhode Island finally ratified the Constitution on May 29, 1790 and it finally became law. |
| Underground Railroad | Network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved people in the United States in efforts to escape to free states and Canada with the help of abolitionists (Harriet Tubman in particular.) |
| Seneca Falls Convention | The first women's rights convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious rights of woman which was held in Seneca Falls, New York. |
| Compromise of 1850 | A set of laws, passed between groups favoring slavery and groups opposing it, that attempted to give something to both sides. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening lands for settlement. It also allowed settlers of a territory to decide whether slavery would be allowed within a new state’s borders. This led to Bleeding Kansas. |
| Dred Scott v. Sanford | Supreme Court ruled that blacks were not citizens and could not sue in federal court. They also ruled that Congress didn't have the power to ban slavery in the U.S. territories. Finally, the Court declared that slaves were categorized as property. |
| Fugitive Slave Act | Federal laws that allowed for the capture and return of runaway slaves within the United States. |
| Bleeding Kansas | Period of violence during the settling of the Kansas territory; Many people fled to Kansas since residents would determine whether the area became a free state or a slave state. They wanted to have an influence on the decision made. |
| Civil War | War fought between the Confederates and the Union to determine whether slavery would be allowed in the country. The union took the victory and it took many years to repair the country. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | The proclamation stated "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." That means all slaves were emancipated in the south and no longer enslaved. |
| Civil War Draft Riots | Major four-day eruption of violence in New York City resulting from unhappy workers treated with unfair labor during the U.S. Civil War. |
| Gettysburg Address | A speech by President Abraham Lincoln, one of the best-known in American history. It was known to boost the morale of the union during the Civil War. |
| Civil War Amendments | The Amendments were created to restructure the Country. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery. The Fourteenth Amendment makes everyone living the the United States a citizen regardless of race. The Fifteenth Amendment grants voting to everyone. |
| Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad | The world's First Transcontinental Railroad was built between 1863 and 1869 to join the east and the west coast. A 3,000-mile journey that could now take only days by rail. This was very beneficial for the people and the economy in the United States. |
| Gilded Age | An era of rapid economic growth, especially in the North and West. American wages were much higher than in Europe, which attracted millions of immigrants. |
| Populist Party | A Political Party organized in 1892 to represent the common folk. |
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