2633130
Flashcards by kerryrandfield, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by kerryrandfield
almost 6 years ago
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Description
| Question | Answer |
| THREE DOMAINS OF LIFE | > bacteria > archaea > eukaryotes |
| WHY MICROORGANISMS ARE USEFUL FOR RESEARCH AND INDUSTRY | > easily cultivated > reproduce and grow quickly > food substrate is often cheap > produce many different useful products > metabolism is easily manipulated |
| SELECTIVE MEDIUM | a medium designed to suit the growth requirements of a specific microorganism |
| GENERATION TIME / DOUBLING TIME | time between cell divisions / time for population to double |
| LAG PHASE | > no (or very little) increase in cell number > cells are adjusting to the new medium > synthesising new enzymes to break down new substrates |
| LOG / EXPONENTIAL PHASE | cells divide and numbers increase exponentially enzymes are being induced to break down substrate |
| STATIONARY PHASE | growth rate slows death rate = birth rate microbes run out of nutrient/space and toxic metabolites build up |
| DEATH PHASE | death rate > birth rate toxic waste products build up |
| PRIMARY METABOLISM | organisms break down substrates to produce metabolites essential for growth, development, reproduction |
| SECONDARY METABOLISM | breaking down substrate to produce metabolites giving an ecological advantage to microbe |
| DESIRED CHARACTERISTICS OF A STRAIN | > genetic stability > ability to grow on low cost nutrients > ability to vastly overproduce target compound > ability to allow easy harvesting of the product |
| MUTAGENESIS | the creation of mutations |
| GENES THAT CAN BE INTRODUCED TO MICROORGANISMS | > amplify specific steps to increase yield of target compound > causes cell to secrete product (easily recovered) > makes them unable to survive in external environment (safety mechanism) |
| VECTOR | transfers DNA from genome of one organism to that of another (often a plasmid) |