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Flashcards by twiggjak000, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by twiggjak000
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Amendment | In America, an amendment means to "amend" the constitution or similar law or bill. This can mean adding something or taking something away. |
| Assimilate | To fully mold into or join another culture, country, society, or religion. |
| Bias | When a person or group of people categorizes (judges) someone based on their looks and physical characteristics |
| Bicameral | When a legislative branch has two different bodies or houses like Congress. House of Representatives and Senate. |
| Blockade | Preventing Supplies from entering or leaving a port. |
| Boomtown | When a town or city suddenly receives gigantic growth in population, business, economy, etc. Example: New York City |
| Capitalism | A form of economy where business's are individually owned and not governmentally owned. Competition, Loss, Growth, $ are all parts of a Capitalist economy. |
| Captain Of Industry | Industrious and smart business leaders that helped transform the American economy and help make America what it is today. They were well known for their business skills as well as their philanthropy. |
| Checks and Balances | A system in which one branch of the government is superior to the others. Each government has a balanced power and has different powers over each other. |
| Congress | Congress is part of the Legislative branch that makes the laws. It consists of two parts, the Senate and the House of representatives. The senate is based on equality and the HOR is based on population. |
| Due Process of Law | This is where a person receives fair treatment in court and all legal rights must be given to them. |
| Economics | This is a science that shows and explains the factors of production, consumption and distribution of goods and services. |
| Emancipated | To free from bondage AKA slavery whether it is legal, social or political. |
| Enfranchise | The action of forgiving or semi forgiving for an error or an offense. |
| Enumerated | To mention separately to specify a list or name one by one. Easier to say than the whole list. Enumerated Rights- 9th amendment. |
| Federalism | The separation of powers between the Federal, State and Local governments. |
| Forty-Niners | In 1849, huge amounts of people moved west to California to strike it rich during the Gold Rush. (Miners) Hence the name forty-niners. |
| Free Enterprise | When Private Companies or Business's are free to control themselves instead of being controlled by the government. |
| Habeus Corpus | Law where a person under arrest is required to be brought in front of a judge or in a court. |
| Industry | A type of economic activity where raw materials are processed and are formed into the finished product or good. |
| Judicial | One of the three branches of the government, the judicial branch is responsible for interpreting the laws. |
| Ku Klux Klan | Formed 1865 in Pulaski, Tennessee, the KKK was the first American terrorist group. Its goal was to restore white supremacy to the south and oppress blacks. |
| Manifest Destiny | The belief that it was Gods given right that Americans should expand west and conquer the frontier from coast to coast. |
| Martyr | One who is killed for their religious and other beliefs. |
| Monopoly | When a company buys out or puts all of the other competitors out of business. They become the only way to buy or receive that product. |
| Nomadic | A person or people who live off the land and never settle down. They are in harmony with it. One with nature. |
| Override | When a bill is vetoed by the president or a person of importance. The bill is then "overridden". |
| Popular Sovereignty | When the main source of the governments power is the people. The people hold the governments power. |
| Ratify | To approve or pass. |
| Radical | When is crazy and extreme for a religion, belief or political view. |
| Republicanism | When the people vote on representatives that will represent them and lead them. |
| Robber Baron | A ruthless company leader/manager that will stop at nothing to get as much money as possible without worrying about the needs of others. |
| Rural | The countryside where nature thrives and has been mostly left alone by man. More farmers and small towns rather than business or the more heavily populated cities. |
| Separation of Powers | When the government is separated into different branches like the legislative, judicial and executive. |
| Social Darwinism | When the process of natural selection and survival of the fittest are put into the terms of society and politics. Adapting to technological changes and the economy. |
| Suffrage | The right to vote in an election. |
| Supreme Court | The highest court in the US which consists of nine justices that interpret the laws of the US. |
| Tariff | When someone or a group of people has to pay tax on a certain type of import or export. |
| Taxation Without Representation | When the colonies were not allowed to have a say in the British Parliament who decided how and what they were taxed. |
| Trade Union | An organized group of laborers in the same profession or company that join together to protect their rights and have a voice. |
| Urban | A heavily populated area heavy with industry otherwise known as the city. |
| Veto | to reject something whether it is an idea, opinion, bill, etc. |
| Thomas Jefferson | 3rd President of the United States. Helped Write the constitution and purchased the Louisiana Territory. |
| Andrew Jackson | 7th president. First common man president. War Hero of the War of 1812 and led the Indian Removal Act |
| Sacagawea | Native American who guided Louis and Clark in their journey. She was the wife of a French Fur Trapper and carried a child with her the whole journey. |
| James K. Polk | Also known as Manifest Destiny, he was the 11th president and obtained the most land in office in the history of the US. Gadsden Purchase, Texas and Oregon Territory. |
| Frederick Douglass | Escaped Slave and Abolitionist, Frederick Douglass was known for is Autobiography, and the his newspaper The North Star |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | Known for her book Uncle Tom's Cabin, Harriet Beecher Stowe was a female abolitionist who lived on the Ohio border with Kentucky |
| John Brown | A radical abolitionist, John Brown led a raid on Harpers Ferry to steal a cache of weapons that was being held there. He was stopped, captured and the hung for treason. |
| Robert E. Lee | He was the general of the South's army during the civil war. He was defeated by Ulysses S. Grant to end the war. He was the guy who could beat a computer at chess over and over again. |
| Andrew Johnson | The 17th President of the US, he only came into power because Lincoln was assassinated. He was a Democrat and did not like reconstruction and let the South off easy. He was impeached but never removed from office because he only had 2 months left in his term. |
| Susan B. Anthony | She was a key player in the fight for women's Suffrage. She was the co-leader in the fight with Elizabeth Cady Stanton by her side. |
| Sitting Bull | Chief of the Lakota tribe, he was a war leader in the Western Indian Wars and won the battle of Little Bighorn (USA's biggest loss) and was later killed at Wounded Knee for being accused of leading the Ghost Dance. |
| George Custer | Famous for "Custer's Last Stand", George Custer was a Cavalry commander during the Western Indian Wars. He was defeated at the battle of Little Bighorn and died in action. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | He was one of the 4 main players in the Gilded Age, he was a self made man and was heavy in the railroading business. |
| John Rockefeller | He was one of the 4 industry leaders during the Gilded Age and got rich off the oil industry. For the first time the government had to step in to capitalism and make laws about monopolies. He may as well have been one of the richest people on Earth. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Famous for his gigantic Steel company, he opened the largest steel factory in U.S. history. The factory produced 2000 tons a day. Steel produced nearly everything at that time. |
| Jamestown | It was the first official settlement of the new world and many came there for gold which they never found. It barely clung on to life many dying until it started to produce tobacco. Founded In 1607 |
| Plymouth | Plymouth was founded in 1620 from colonists aboard a ship called the Mayflower. They came for religious freedom and barely survived. They made peace with the Native Americans and had the first thanksgiving there. |
| Lexington and Concord | The first official battle of the Revolutionary War, British troops marched from Boston to Lexington and then on to Concord to capture various weapon caches held by resistance fighters. They were fought off and defeated by the minutemen from various towns and villages. |
| Erie Canal | Built from 1817 to 1825, it was the first waterway that connected the great lakes to the Atlantic Coast. |
| The Alamo | On February 23r, 1826, 200 US soldiers were attacked by Santa Anna's Mexican Army. They held the fort for 13 days but were eventually overwhelmed. They were Defeated on March 6th. |
| Harper's Ferry | On October 16th, Harpers Ferry was attacked by John Brown and his abolitionist crew. There goal was to capture the weapons armory and train an army of freed slaves in the mountains. They did not succeed in their plan and John Brown was hung for treason. |
| Fort Sumter | On April 12th, 1861 in South Carolina, the first shots were fired of the Civil War. The Union surrendered the fort the next day. There was one death from a misfired gun in the surrender. |
| Gettysburg | The battle of Gettysburg was fought on July 1st-3rd in 1863. The Union and the Confederates clashed in a bloody battle that killed 45,000-51,000 troops. The Union fought off Lee although they did not defeat him. |
| Appomattox Courthouse | On April 9th, 1865, General Robert E. Lee of the confederate army surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant ending the war. The surrender took place in the house of a man that witnessed the first battle of the war and moved to escape from it. |
| Ford's Theater | On April 14th, 1865, president Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth during a play at Ford's Theater. He died the next day. |
| Promontory Point, Utah | On May 10th, 1869 the transcontinental railroad was completed by the Union and Central Pacific Railroad companies. The last spike driven in was made of pure gold. |
| Ellis Island and Angel Island | From 1910-1940 Angel island was an immigration "prison". It stopped many people that lived in Asia to immigrate to the US. 1892-1954 Over 12 million people passed through Ellis Island. |
| Declaration of Independence | Signed July 4th 1776, the Declaration of Independence declared our independence from England. Many that signed it were killed, arrested, and lost everything. |
| Revolutionary War | The revolutionary war started in 1775 and ended in 1783. The US defeated the redcoats AKA the British and the colonies won their independence as the underdogs of the war. |
| Articles Of Confederation | This was the first constitution drafted for our new country. It was weak and thrown out because very few the states wanted to have a strong national government. |
| Great Compromise | In 1787, the larger and more populated states wanted to have a congress based on population whereas the smaller states wanted a more equal system. We compromised on bicameral congress (a congress with 2 houses) |
| Passing of the Constitution | The constitution was passed in 1787. The constitution had a stronger national government but promised a bill of rights that would give power to the states. |
| Adding the Bill of Rights | On December 18th, 1791 the bill of rights were passed in the US. This gave the states more power with ten amendments. Although, 12 were proposed to the states. |
| Louisiana Purchase | On the thirtieth of April, 1803 Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon for fifteen million dollars. |
| Missouri Compromise | In 1820, this compromise was passed to balance the number of slave and free states. Congress decided on the 36*30* latitude line. Anything below that was slave and above was free. Except for Missouri. |
| Indian Removal Acts | Passed in 1830, the Indian Removal Act or the trail of tears relocated the Choctaw, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creeks, and Seminoles. They were forced on a long horrible march that thousands of people were forced to take. |
| Mexican-American War | When the US annexed Texas, Mexico fought to regain the land in a bloody war from 1846-1848. The US won that war and won Texas along with it. |
| California Gold Rush | In 1849, Gold was found in California and thousands migrated across the west to strike it rich although few did. |
| Homestead Act | Signed by Abraham Lincoln, the homestead act gave a person 160 acres of land as long as they paid a small filing fee and stayed on the land for five years. It would then become theirs. |
| Industrial Revolution | In the early 1800's the country was industrialized. New machines were invented to mass produce products made from raw material and many factories were built. |
| Underground Railroad | When there was still slavery in the United States, escaped slaves were helped by different organizations like the underground railroad. Many found their way to freedom in the North and Canada. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | On July 19th, 1848 to July 20th, thousands of women flocked to Seneca Falls to discuss women's suffrage. There were many public speeches and speakers. It started the long fight for women's rights. |
| Compromise of 1850 | The fugitive slave act was created, California entered the union as a free state and the slave trade (although not slavery) in D.C. was abolished. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | In 1854, the Missouri compromise was repealed and Kansas and Nebraska were allowed to vote whether they would enter the union as a slave or free state. |
| Dred Scot vs. Stanford | In 1857, Dred Scott sued his owner that he should be free because he had lived in the North as a slave. The case went to the supreme court and he was ruled not free because he considered property and could therefore be taken anywhere. |
| Fugitive Slave Act | In 1850, the law was passed that all escaped slaves if seen had to be captured and sent back to their owners in the south. |
| Bleeding Kansas | Because of the Kansas Nebraska Act, Southerners and Northerners alike flocked to Kansas to vote on the issue of slavery. Squatters would stay a day and vote and then leave. Much violence followed and Kansas given the nickname Bloody Kansas. |
| Civil War | When the southern states seceded from the Union violence followed. The war lasted almost five years and was the bloodiest war in US history. The North won and slavery was abolished. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | After the battle of Antietam, Lincoln issued the emancipation proclamation which freed all slaves in an area of rebellion. |
| Civil War Draft Riots | When the first draft was put into place, you could hire a substitute or pay a fee so many rich people were not drafted. This led to many people revolting and riots in the big cities. July 13th through 16th |
| Gettysburg Address | After the battle of Gettysburg, Abraham Lincoln delivered a speech that would be remembered by thousands. It honored those who fought and died in the bloodiest battle in US history. |
| Reconstruction | Lasting from the end of the civil war to 1877, reconstruction was when the southern states rejoined the union, slaves were freed. It would have gone much better if Lincoln was not assassinated. It ended when the last troops were pulled out of the southern states. |
| Civil War Amendments | The civil war amendments were the 13th,14thand 15th amendments which freed all slaves, gave them citizenship and gave African American Males the right to vote. |
| Completion of the Trans Continental Railroad | It was completed on May 10th, 1869 when a golden spike was driven into Promontory, Utah. It marked a new age of transportation and industrialization in America. |
| Indian Wars | When Native American tribes were forced onto reservations, Chiefs like Geronimo, Sitting Bull, Red Cloud and Chief Joseph rebelled. They were all defeated by the US army and killed, arrested, put on reservations, and driven out of the US to Canada. |
| Gilded Age | A time after reconstruction, the gilded age was when many people became very rich. They helped America become what it is today. Rockefeller, Vanderbilt, Carnegie and Morgan. |
| Populist Party | Otherwise known as the people's party, the populist party were the "common folk" who came together to have a voice in the political view. They helped stop Robber Barons from taking control of the government. |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | This became a famous court case in 1896 when the supreme court ruled that racial segregation in public schools was okay as long as it was "separate but equal". |
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