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Flashcards by cowanmic000, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by cowanmic000
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Amendment | A addition or change to the constitution. |
| Assimilate | To adapt to a new culture/way of life. |
| Bias | To show certain favor to a certain someone or something,. |
| Bicameral | A legislative body consisting of two groups or chambers |
| Blockade | To prevent goods or people from entering or leaving a certain area. |
| Boomtown | A town undergoing rapid growth due to sudden prosperity. |
| Capitalism | An economic and political system in which a countries' industry and trade are controlled for profit by private owners. |
| Captain of Industry | A person who owns a business and is rich, yet creates jobs and pays their workers fairly with fair hours and fairy safe working conditions. They also had a part in philanthropy, which made them even more popular among the common man. |
| Checks and balances | Checks and Balances keeps one branch of the government from having to much power. This means that each branch has power over each other. |
| Congress | Legislative branch of the government. Consists of the senate and house of reps. These two groups vote on new bills to decide if they should become laws. |
| Due Process of Law | Due process can be found in the 6th amendment to the Bill of Rights. This amendment states that any convicted criminal has the right to know what he or she is being arrested for. They also have to be seen before a judge within a reasonable amount of time. |
| Economics | The condition of a region or group as regards material prosperity. |
| Emancipated | To be free from bondage |
| Enfranchise | To give the right to vote |
| Enumerated | To mention a number of things one by one |
| Federalism | In this government, there are three different types of governments in the country. The federal government deals with big issues or things involving the whole country. The State government deals with things happening in that state. The Local government deals with things happening inside a county or region of a certain state. |
| Forty-Niners | These were men who went out to mine the gold found in California in 1848 by James Marshall. They're called 49ers because most of them arrived to mine in 1849. |
| Free Enterprise | An economic system in which business compete privately mostly out of control of the state and federal governments. |
| Habeas Corpus | This act by president Lincoln suspended the Due Process of Law. This meant that any captured enemies could not see a judge and most of them stayed in prison until the war ended. |
| Industry | Economic activity that deals with the production of raw materials and manufactured goods in factories. |
| Judicial | This branch of the government is the court system. They hear on different cases concerning the bill of rights, the constitution, etc. They judge whether a law is unconstitutional or not. |
| Ku Klux Klan | This was a hate group formed in 1866. This group was against black equality and sometimes acted extremely violently to keep them from voting, buying a house, getting married, and many other things that freed slaves were now allowed to do. |
| Manifest Destiny | This was an idea which stated that it was God's plan for America to expand from the East coast to the West coast. |
| Martyr | A person who dies In fighting for a religious or political belief. For example, when John Smith was hung, the northern people considered him a martyr for fighting and dying to end slavery. |
| Monopoly | When a business has complete control over there competition or the business has run the competition out. This causes a price raise in the businesses' products. |
| Nomadic | This type of society never settles permanently. They will settle for a few months, then move to another spot. |
| Override | This can be done by the Legislative branch. If the president vetoes a law, then congress can override the veto with a 2/3rds vote. |
| Popular sovereignty | This is the idea that people run the government. Without the people to vote on new government officials, the government would cease to exist. |
| Ratify | To allow or to pass a certain thing. |
| Radical | Representing or supporting an extreme section of a political party. |
| Republicanism | The head of state is a representative of the people who hold popular sovereignty rather than the people being subjects of the head of state. |
| Robber Baron | A business owner who is very successful but treats their workers poorly and will stop at nothing to get more money. |
| Rural | The part where not many people live, mostly a countryside with a low population density. |
| Separation of Powers | The Three branches of the government: Legislative, Executive, and Judicial all have different powers and are separate from eachother. |
| Social Darwinism | The idea that the stronger, smarter people thrive and the others sink and don't survive. |
| Suffrage | The movement where women fought for their right to vote. |
| Supreme Court | The highest court in the land. They hear the big cases and their ruling is in-arguable. |
| Tariff | A list of taxes on imports or exports |
| Taxation without representation | When British rule unfairly taxed the colonists. The colonists weren't allowed any representatives and Britain continued to tax the colonies. |
| Trade Union | A large group of workers that would go on strike to protest unfair hours and unsafe working conditions. |
| Urban | Urban areas are very developed, meaning there is a density of human structures such as houses, commercial buildings, roads, bridges, and railways. |
| Veto | When the president turns down a bill that has been passed by congress. |
| Thomas Jefferson | 3rd president of the U.S. Helped write the Declaration of Independence, purchased the Louisiana Territory in 1803. |
| Andrew Jackson | 7th president of the U.S. First "common man" to be president. Signed Indian Removal act in 1820 |
| Sacagawea | Was a native American who assisted Louis and Clark during their expedition of the newly purchased Louisiana territory. She served as a guide and a translator. |
| James Polk | 11th president of the U.S. Acquired Texas, Southwestern, and the Oregon territories. Also known as Mr. Manifest Destiny. |
| Fredrick Douglass | Was a very popular abolitionist before the Civil War. Escaped from slavery when he was young and went north to end slavery. |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, met Lincoln, fought for woman's rights. |
| John Brown | Anti-Slavery abolitionist, most known for his raid at Harpers Ferry, believed violence was the only way to end slavery. |
| Robert E. Lee | Major general in the confederate army. Most known and smartest and most well known general for the south. |
| Andrew Johnson | 17th president of the U.S. Was extremely lenient to the south after the war and pardoned many of the southern leaders. Allowed things like black codes and the KKK to form in the south. |
| Susan B. Anthony | Born into an anti-slavery family. Played a pivotal role in the woman's suffragist movement. Also fought greatly against slavery. |
| Sitting Bull | A Hunkpapa Lakota holy man who led his tribe to revolt against the government's policies. |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | An American business magnate and philanthropist who built his wealth in railroads and shipping. |
| John Rockefeller | An American business magnate and philanthropist. He was a co-founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust. |
| Andrew Carnegie | Led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. |
| Jamestown | The first permanent English settlement established in the new world. |
| Plymouth | The second settlement in the new world. North of Jamestown it was settled by religious groups seeking religious freedoms in the new world. |
| Lexington and Concord | First battle of the Revolutionary War. |
| Eerie Canal | A canal in New York that originally ran about 363 miles from Albany, New York, on the Hudson River to Buffalo, New York, at Lake Erie. |
| The Alamo | An old mission compound for a church, the Texans used this building to support their last stand against the Mexican armies. |
| Harper's Ferry | An armory outside of Harper's Ferry, Virginia, John Brown took a daring move and attempted to rob the armory. His plan was a fail and he was eventually hung for treason. |
| Fort Sumter | The first major battle of the Civil War. Won by the Confederates. |
| Gettysburg | The overall bloodiest battle of the Civil War. Won by the union army, Lee lost 1/4 of his army. |
| Appotomax courthouse | The place where the treaty signed by Lee surrendering to Grant ended the Civil War. This occurred on April 9th, 1865. |
| Ford's Theater | A theater in Washington D.C. This place is where Lincoln was assassinated shortly after the end of the Civil War. |
| Promontory Point, Utah | This is the spot where the transcontinental railroad was finished in 1869. |
| Ellis Island and Angel Island | These are the two places where the immigrants would go to "check in" to the country. The immigrants from Europe would go to Ellis on the east coast and the Chinese or Asian would go to Angel on the west coast. |
| Declaration of Independence | America's "break up letter" to Britain. Stated that we are our own country and we didn't want or need Britain anymore. |
| Revolutionary War | The 8 year war between England and America. Was due to England not wanting America to split and trying to bring us back to them. |
| Articles of Confederation | The first Constitution of the U.S. Was a failed attempt because it was not properly enforced. |
| Great Compromise | The formation of congress. The Virginia plan and the New Jersey plan came together to form one bicameral congress. |
| Passing of the Constitution | In 1787, the Constitution was finally ratified by Congress. After 10 years of trial and error they finally passed it and it was put into affect. |
| Adding the Bill of Rights | In response to calls from several states for greater constitutional protection for individual liberties, the Bill of Rights makes up the first 10 amendments of the constitution and lists specific prohibitions on governmental power. |
| Louisiana Purchase | In 1803, Thomas Jefferson purchased this huge mass of land from France for $15,000,000. This almost doubled the size of the U.S. and gave the people many reasons to explore and settle the new land. |
| Missouri Compromise | This was created to further delay the inevitable Civil War looming over the nation. In this compromise, it is stated that any land or territory or state under the 36, 30 line is allowed to have slavery. |
| Indian Removal Act | In 1820, this act was signed by Andrew Jackson. This act ordered that all of the 4 southeastern tribes ( the Chicksaw, Cherokee, Seminole, and the Creek) tribes were all moved to the Oklahoma reservation. |
| Mexican-American War | This war was an armed conflict between American and Mexican forces. This war was due to the fact that Mexico still believed Texas to be a part of their country. Even though Texas had become a state in 1845. |
| California Gold Rush | This spark of gold mining was started in 1848 when a man by the name of James Marshall discovered gold at Sutter's mill. He couldn't keep it quiet forever and eventually hundreds of thousands of men called 49ers came to California in hopes of striking it rich. |
| Homestead Act | This act was created in 1862 by Abraham Lincoln to encourage settlers to move west. He offered any civilian the amazing price of 160 acres of land for almost nothing. All they had to do was live on the land for five years and it was theirs for good. |
| Industrial Revolution | The transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. Many new creations were also created in this time. For example, the steam tractor, steamboat, and many other awesome technologies that further colonized America and made it one of the number one goods producers in its prime. |
| Underground Railroad | This was a secret network of tunnels and escape routes used by slaves to escape. People like Harriet Tubman are famous for helping create and run this massive network of escape routes. |
| Seneca Falls Convention | This was the first meeting of the Woman's Suffragist group. Here they discussed campaigns, rallies, and many other ideas that could possibly help win them the right to vote. |
| Compromise of 1850 | In this compromise, The Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade in Washington, D.C., was abolished. |
| Kansas-Nebraska Act | This act stated that Kansas and Nebraska were now states. |
| Dredd Scott vs. Sanford | In this case, a slave tried to sue for his freedom after his master had brought him into a state in which slavery was illegal. Shortly after the move, the master died. The court ruled against him and further denied and y black the right to be in court or sue. |
| Fugitive Slave Act | This law stated that any runaway slave that was now in the north, could be recaptured and sold back into slavery by any white man. |
| Bleeding Kansas | This was the long-lasting conflict between the anti-slavery Jayhawkers in Kansas, and the Pro-slavery bushwhackers of Missouri. |
| Civil War | this was the Four year war between the union and the Confederates over the issue of slavery. Many lives were lost but eventually, the north came out on top. |
| Emancipation Proclamation | This law freed the slaves in the rebellion (southern) states. |
| The Civil War Draft Riots | This conflict occurred mainly in New York. The issue was that the poor people thought it unfair and cowardly that the rich people could buy a replacement for themselves so they didn't have to fight. The poor couldn't afford this and they became very upset. |
| Gettysburg Address | This was a call to battle by Lincoln for the northern troops. It honored the fallen troops and encouraged the north to continue fighting for their cause. |
| Reconstruction | This was meant to be a time of healing in the U.S. Soon after it began it was obvious that it wasn't working out. Reconstruction brought out the KKK, black codes and the Jim Crow laws. |
| Civil War Amendments | These 3 amendments were all concerning black rights. The 13th abolished slavery forever, the 14th granted freed slaves citizenship and the 15th gave free MALE slaves the right to vote. |
| Completion of the Transcontinental Railroad | The railroad was completed by the driving of a gold spike at Promontory Poinit in Utah on May 10, 1869. From now it was now easier for colonizing the west and also for shipping needs and faster, safer, and cheaper travel. |
| Indian Wars | This was a time of great despair for the natives. They were being relocated to reservations. However, a few of the tribes fought back. Chiefs like Sitting Bull and Geronimo fought back successfully until they were eventually caught or killed by the U.S. |
| Populist Party | The populist party was started in Kansas shortly after the Civil War. However, this group is no longer around and the democrats have ASSIMILATED to most of their ideas. |
| Plessy vs. Feguson | This was a court case in 1896 concerning the rights between blacks and rights. The term "separate but equal" became known in this case when the court voted that the idea of "separate but equal" was ok. |
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