2770655
Description
Flashcards by Nyomi Jacobs, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Nyomi Jacobs
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| what is substance misuse? | The intake of drugs in quantities that are potentially damaging to physical or mental health |
| what is Heroin's mode of action | 1) Heroin is converted to morphine in the brain 2) this morphine binds to opioid receptors reducing the inhibitory effect of GABA on dopaminergic neurones 3) so more dopamine is released into the synaptic cleft |
| what is alcohol's mode of action | 1) makes GABA more effective which slows down the speed of messages being tranmitted between neurones 2) reduces the effectivness of inhibitory neurones 3) anaesthetises nerve endings at noradrenalin synapses |
| how was the 2008 anti smoking campaign 'scared' effective | it used ideas from the social learning theory to make smoking seem frightening to allow viewrs to associate smoking with fear and not pleasure. scare tactic. |
| what was the procedure of blattler et al's (2002) study on heroin and cocaine users | 266 swiss adults who had on average been using heorin for 10 years, cocaine for 7. Prescribed narcotic drugs and provided mental and social support. Interviewed 3 times over 18 months about mental health. urine samples every 2 months. |
| what were the findings of Blattler et al's (2002) study | The number of addicts using cocaine on a daily basis dropped by more than 80%. Of the participants still using it daily, they wre injecting a mixture of cocaine and heroin. |
| what are some key points from the Biological explanation of substance misuse | Drugs act like neurotransmitters in the brain. The dopamine and serotonin receptors (linked with pleasure and emotion) are involved. pleasure centres in the brain and endorphin arousel are linked. |
| what are some key points from the Learning approach to substance misuse | it can be learnt from role models, parents, peers or the media. classical conditioning - association with pleasure (ritualism) operant conditioning - positive reinforcement (pleasure gained). |
| what are some evaluation points of the Biological approach to substance misuse | + have validity as evidence is visible e.g PET scans + animal studies have shown how different drugs effect receptors - animal studies cant be generalised to humans - cultural norms and peers play a key role |
| what are some evaluation points of the Learning approach to substance misuse | + it has been demonstrated in animals and humans (Harlow, Bandura) + explains cultural difference. - Ennett et al found no link between drugs and peer pressure. - some drugs have negative side effects (no positive reinforcement) |
| How do you treat heroin addiction with methadone | it is a synthetic opiate that replaces heroin at the synapse, allowing the addict to function normally. |
| what are some evaluative points of treating heroin addiction with methadone | + takin orally so better than needles + overdosing is hard + deals with withdrawl symptoms - methadone withdrawl takes a month - many addicts dont try to detox, become addicted to methadone instead |
| How do you treat alcohol addiction with aversion therapy | alcohol is usually metabolised into a toxic compound acetaldehyde that makes you feel sick but it is quickly oxidised into harmless acetic acid. by taking disulfiram, you prevent thie oxidisation thus feeling only the negative effects. |
| what are some evaluative points of Aversion therapy in treating alcohol addiction | + it is very effective in the short term due to the bad side effects + works well with social support (positive reinforcement) - relapse rates are high as is only effective if the drinker abstains from alcohol in the future. |
| what was the procedure of Ennett et als (1994) study | students aged 14-15 from north carolina were given questionnaires at home about their friends. were cheked for carbon monoxide in lungs. |
| what was the conclusion of Ennett et als (1994) study | adolescents who smoke tend to associate with others who smoke however whether someone joins a clique because of the cliques behaviour or their behaviour is brought about by clique membership remains to be investigated. |
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