2847564
Description
Flashcards by Laura Clancy, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Laura Clancy
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Henry II - King of England - Age/Date/Why | 21 19th December 1154 Treaty of Winchester 1153 |
| Henry II failed Military Campaigns in Wales - Dates/Key Battles | 1157 1158 1163 1164 - Battle of Cryogen |
| 1171 - Wales? | Henry II forced to come to negotiations |
| Henry II first sent knights to Ireland | 1167 |
| 1171 - Ireland | Henry II landed. Gave such a demonstration of power most of the lords, including Rory O'Connor, King of Connacht who claimed to be High King of Ireland paid homage to Henry II |
| 1177 - Ireland | Henry II made John first Lord of Ireland |
| 1185 - Ireland | John landed and failed to install his authority - Angevins would never again come close to real power in Ireland |
| Henry II - Brittany - How/When | 1160 - Married his cousin Margaret to the current Count Conan 1166 - as discontent grew amongst the nobility Henry ended it by betrothing his 7 year old son Geoffrey to Conan's daughter Constance |
| Henry II - Anjou - Age/Date/Why | 18 1151 Inherited upon father Geoffrey's death |
| Henry II - Normandy - Age/Date/Why | 16 December 1149 his father Geoffrey invested Henry with the Duchy while he continued to rule Anjou |
| Geoffrey completed conquest of Anjou | 1144 |
| Henry made Malcolm surrender Newcastle, Carlisle and all his possessions in the North of England, successfully restoring the old frontier. | 1157 |
| Treaty of Falaise | 1174 William the Lion was forced into submission after the Great Rebellion. Reinstated Angevin overlordship |
| Quit Claim of Canterbury | 1189 Richard sold the Scottish back their independance |
| Henry II - Aquitaine - Age/Date/Why | 19 1152 Marriage to the heiress, Eleanor |
| How many weeks did Henry II spend in Anjou? England? Normandy? What does it show | 84 154 176 Undermines Norgates argument that Anjou was the centre of an Angevin Empire |
| Inquest of Sheriffs When? What does it demonstrate? | 1170 Shows sign of consistency as it was virtually copied in Normandy the following year |
| What is the curia regis and what does it demonstrate in terms of Empire | Henry's peripatetic court Shows consistency as it would dissolve local courts when the King was in the area, leading to a standardisation of practice. HOWEVER only temporary for once Henry departed local practice was resumed |
| Henry II Justiciars | Robert, Earl of Leicester Richard de Lucy |
| Destruction of adulterine castles When? | 1154 |
| 1176 - Castles | Henry II took all the castles in England into royal custody for a period of time Demonstrates royal authority sucess |
| Henry II personal Castle | Oxford took 8 years to Build Cost over £1,400 Acted as a constant reminder of Kings presence, especially to Hugh Bigod |
| How did the Ratio of Private:Royal castles change across Angevin Rule | 1154 - 1 in 5 castles were royal 1214 - 1 in 2 castles were royal |
| Which dangerous nobles did Henry Seize castles off in 1157? | Count William of Boulogne (King Stephen's son) Hugh Bigod |
| Average paid in to Exchequer 1130s 1150s 1160s 1180s | 30,000 Less than half of ^ 18,500 23,000 |
| Number of Earldoms 1154 1189 | 24 12 |
| Malcolm of Scotland becomes King | 1153 |
| Henry's New Penny When Style What does it demonstrate | 1158 Cross and Crosslet design Demonstrates stability as continued to be issued into the 1180s |
| Henry - Toulouse When Why Not | 1159 Henry attempted to take Toulouse but Louis intervened. Henry didn't dare attack his overlord |
| Becket Appointed Chancellor - When | 1160 |
| Death of Theobald - when | 1162 |
| Becket made Archbishop - When | 23rd May 1162 |
| Sherriff's Aid Dispute When + Where | 1163 Woodstock |
| Who is a paragon of his species | J.A.W. |
| Becket resigns as Chancellor - When | August 1163 |
| Constitutions of Clarendon When What | 28th January 1164 16 clauses - part of Henrys attempt to 'restore the ancient customs of his grandfather' |
| Beckets Trial When Where Charged with? | 6th October 1164 Council of Northampton Becket was charged with contempt of court and embezzlement |
| Who was born in 1165 | Phillip Augustus |
| How did Phillips birth weaken the Empire initially | Had he not been born Henry II's eldest son would have been a serious contender to the French Crown; he was married to Louis daughter |
| What did Pope Alexander do in August 1165 | Ordered a truce between Becket and Henry |
| Assize of Clarendon When What | 1166 Henry II attempted to improve criminal law |
| Becket - Papal Legate -When | April 1166 |
| Vezelay - When + What | 12th June 1166 Becket preached publicly, condemning the Constitutions of Clarendon and excommunicating many royal servants |
| Henry's Will - When and What | 1169 YH = England, Normandy, Anjou Richard = Aquitaine Geoffrey = Brittany John = (Ireland?) |
| Montmiral - when and What | 1170 Failed meeting between Becket and Henry |
| Young Henry's Coronation When Where Who | 14th June 1170 Westminster By Archbishop of York with most of the English Bishops present |
| Becket Returns to England - when | 1st December 1170 |
| Murder of Becket | 29th December 1170 |
| Knights that murdered Becket | William de Tracy Reginald Fitzurst Hugh de Neville Richard le Bret |
| Avranches - When + What | 28th September 1172 Peace terms ratified - King promised to abolish any customs 'prejudicial to the church introduced in his reign' |
| Becket Canonised - when | 21st February 1173 |
| Henry's Penance When What | 7th July 1174 Pilgrimage to the shrine of St. Thomas. Publicly flogged |
| Assize of Northampton When What | 1176 Confirmed the Assize of Clarendon |
| Third Lateran Council When | 1179 |
| Phillip Augustus becomes King When | 1180 |
| Rebellion and Death of YH When | 1183 |
| Death of Geoffrey When How | August 1186 Crushed under a horse in a tournament |
| Henry II - Death | 6th July 1189 |
| When Richard captured by Leopold | 20th December 1192 |
| John and Phillip rebel When | 1193 |
| When Chateau Gaillard completed | 1196 |
| Richard dies When How | 25th March 1199 Shot by a Crossbow |
| Treaty of Le Goulet When | 22nd May 1200 |
| Mirabeau When | 1st August 1202 |
| John declared 'Contumacious Vassal' When | April 1202 |
| Death of Arthur When | April 1203 |
| Loss of Chateau Gaillard When | 6th March 1204 |
| Death of Eleanor of Aquitaine | 1st April 1204 |
| Hubert Walter dies | 1205 |
| John Excommunicated When | November 1209 |
| Bristol Tallage When | 1210 |
| Disputed Canterbury election | 1205-7 |
| What is a Justiciar | Ran the administration, the equivalent of the Norman Seneschal |
| What do Justices do | Travel round as itinerant judges |
| What is Scutage | Fee paid instead of military service, designed to be irregular |
| Saladin Tithe When How much did it raise | 1188 £60,000 |
| 'the greatest of all medieval kings' Who on Who | S. Schama on Henry II |
| Who argues that Henry II managed the difficulties of his reign through 'skilful handling', 'cool decision' and 'almost uncanny swiftness' of movement | Poole |
| What did Henry aim to do according to his coronation promise | Protect the Church Protect the lands of his ancestors Do Justice Supress evil laws and customs |
| Who argues in relation to the Restoration of Royal Authority that 'Henry was merely renewing the Golden Age of his grandfather' | Dialogue of the Exchequer |
| 'Henry's rule was dangerously abrasive...it certainly spawned the baronial malcontents who joined the rebellion' Who describes Henry's approach as 'High risk' | Carpenter |
| Who argues Henry had a genuine interest and concern for the legal system and justice | E. King |
| Who opposed Henry II destruction of adulterine castles | Hugh Mortimer (Lord of Wigmore) William of Aumale (Earl of York) Henry of Blois Roger (Earl of Hereford) |
| William of Aumale | Aumale had set up power in Yorkshire, yet in 1155 Henry marched North to destroy him; dangerous expedition for someone only a year in power and epitomises Henry's attitude. He also took the royal castle of Bridgnorth from Hugh de Mortimer |
| Which castles did William FitzStephen surrender to Henry II and when | 1157 Norwich Pevensey Eye Lancaster |
| By when had Henry II completed his expulsion of foreign mercenaries | 1157 |
| Cartae Baronum When What | 1166 H2 made a record of his land and possessions; Huscroft argues he did this to raise scutage rather than gain the actual knights. Allowed Henry to fill royal treasury with more money and take advantage of baronial feudal power, thus restoring royal authority over the tax system |
| What does Huscroft say about the Cartae Baronum | It was an 'unprecedented intrusion' into baronial affairs and may have played a part in persuading some to join the Great Revolt |
| How many Sheriffs were replaced in the Inquest of Sheriffs | 22/29 |
| the General Eyre When What | 1175-6 Commissioned after an outbreak of crime and disorder following the Great Rebellion. Professional judges were sent out from Westminster giving full justice to those who felt wronged |
| Assize of Arms When What | 1181 All free men obligated to have some form of arms of armour; on pain of death...reconstituted the Fyrd as a nationalised force, meaning the King relieed less on baronial support |
| Who was Henry II Chief Forester | Alan de Neville |
| How many counties were subject to Forest Law by the end of Henry II's reign | 20 |
| How many mints were operating in 1157 1167 | 30 10 |
| In the first 10 years of Henry's reign what did the pipe rolls show | An increase 10,300pa to 16,700 on average |
| How long was the Great Rebellion | 18 months |
| Why does Ralph Diceto argue the Great Rebellion happened | says Henry was 'trampling on the necks of the proud an haughty' |
| Who does Roger of Howden imply encouraged Young Henry to rebel | King Louis and 'the barons of England and Normandy who disliked his father' |
| Who does Peter of Blois imply encourages Young Henry to rebel | Eleanor of Aquitaine |
| Why does Jones argue Young Henry rebelled | because he was 'paradoxically denied the fruits of his kingship' |
| Limoges When What | 1172 Raymond of Toulouse swore homage to King of England not the Duke of Aquitaine - angered Richard |
| What happened to Geoffrey in 11173 | Geoffrey was given the role of Bishop Elect in Lincoln - this could indicate an attempt by Henry to reconcile for previous mistreatment of Geoffrey |
| What in 1176 confirmed the Assize of Clarendon | Assize of Northampton |
| Which of Young Henry's castles did Henry II give away (arguably triggering Great Rebellion) | Loudon Mirebeau Chinon (at the heart of Anjou, Young Henrys territory) |
| Who did Henry II give 3 Key castles to in 1174 and why | Count of Mauriennes as apart of marriage arrangements between his daughter and John |
| Who does McLynn argue becomes a pretext for the mighty struggle between 2 Henrys | Prince John |
| What important achievements did William of Scotland make in the Great Rebellion | Laid waste to Cumbria and Northumberland Had prominent role in the rebel victories at Huntingdon and Nottingham |
| Why does Jones argue Eleanor of Aquitaine rebelled in 1173 | Because she had become 'politically disenchanted' |
| What does Professor Boussard argue about the Angevin Empire | that Henrys lands formed an administrative an geographical whole and therefore were an empire |
| What does E. Hallam argue regarding the Angevin Empire | that as it was never intended to stay together, and had no sense of political unity it was not an empire |
| Who argues that Henry and Eleanor never considered their joint accumulation of lands an Empire, as each was subject to its own customs and no capital was more important | S. Schama |
| Who argue the only measure of unity across the empire was Henry and without Henry there was no empire | Warren |
| How does J.C. Holt describe the Angevin lands as | 'cobbled together' |
| Who argues Becket's principles were 'outdated' and too extreme, however the consequences of his actions were huge | S. Schama |
| What does Gilbert Foliot say on Becket | A fool he is and a fool he always will be |
| Laudabiliiter What When | 1155 The out of date Papal Bull which allowed Henry II to got to Ireland |
| What happened at Westminster in 1163 | October 1163 Henry raised the issue of Criminous clerks; Becket made his opposition to Henry's plans clear - Becket was stripped of the honours of Eye and Berkampstead, and the tutorship of Young Henry |
| Pope confirmed his legates actions When | November 1166 (Was confirming Becket at Vezelay) |
| 25th January 1171 - what? | Archbishop of Sens laid an interdict on all Henry's French fiefs |
| When does Louis VII dies | 1180 |
| 1187 - Anjou - What? | Phillip invades western Anjou in retaliation for Richard's savage behaviour in Aquitaine |
| Richard joined Phillip - When? | 1188 |
| 1189 - Maine and Anjou | Phillip and Richard invaded Maine and Anjou together in the summer, the core of the Angevin empire |
| Colombieres - what + when | July 1189 Henry was forced to do homage to Richard and Phillip and into unconditional surrender |
| When did Phillip gain Gisors | 1193 |
| What does Holt argue Phillip and John's relative revenues | Phillip = £73,000 John = £30,000 |
| What does Gillingham argue John and Phillip's relative revenues | That they were more or less equal |
| Who argues that despite Longchamp's 'political tactlessness and personal arrogance' he was effective in conducting royal business | C. Tyerman |
| 'one of the greatest royal ministers of all time. In organising the royal justice, finance, warfare or administration he was supreme, his authority was matched by his competence' Who is Tyerman talking about | Hubert Walter |
| Which historian argues through his absence Richard made England stronger and more efficient administratively | Clanchy |
| Richard - duchy of Aquitaine - When | 1172 |
| Audita Tremendi When What | 1187 Papal Bull which called the Third Crusade |
| 1189 - Worcester What Happened? | Richard met with all but one of the Welsh Kings at Worcester, receiving their word that they wouldn't invade England while Richard was on crusade |
| What did Phillip tempt John with in 1192 What was his response | offers John all the Angevin lands in France John didn't join him until he heard of Richard's abduction |
| Hubert Walter - How much did he boast to collect in 1193 | 100,000 |
| Example of strategic castle in Anjou Richard takes back from Phillip 1194 | Loches |
| Richard's Diplomatic Victory 1196 - Who? | Richard arranges an alliance with Count Raymond VI of Toulouse - an enemy of the Angevins since 1159 |
| Richards Diplomatic Victory - 1197 - Who? | Richard scored an alliance with the Count of Flanders, ensuring the safety of England's south coast |
| Richards Diplomatic Victory - 1198 - Who | Richard's preferred candidate to the German throne and a friend of the Angevins, Otto of Brunswick, elected King9 |
| Carcuage | a land tax introduced by Hubert Walter |
| How much was Richard's Ransom | 100,000 marks |
| What level was the tax on moveable property introduced by Eleanor to raise Richards ransom | 25% |
| 'The road from Bouvines led directly to Runnymede' Who | JC Holt |
| Who says 'John threw away a winning hand' and referring to when | J. Gillingham On Mirebeau |
| 'The most obvious explanation of the fact that a winning war changed into a losing one is a change of commander' Who? | J. Gillingham |
| Key Traitors in 1204 | William des Roches Aimery de Thouars Robert d'Alencon Hugh de Gournay Peter de Meulan William de Hommet Lupescar |
| 'Foul as it ism Hell itself is defouled by the foulness of John' Who | Matthew Paris |
| Johns Coronation - When | May 1199 |
| Who secured the Barons loyalty to John - 1199 | William Marshall and Hubert Walter |
| What did Eleanor do for John in 1199 | Recieves homage in Poitou, then did homage to Phillip for Aquitaine; which she then cedes to John |
| Where does Phillip attack in Autumn 1203 and why | John attacks Brittany in order to draw Phillip from siege of Chateau-Gaillard |
| Chatteau Gaillard lost When | 6th March 1204 |
| Rouen captured When | 24th June 1204 |
| Where does John raid in 1207 | Gsscony and deep into Anjou with Poitevin mercenaries |
| When is England put under Interdict | March 1208 |
| John is excommunicated- When | 1209 |
| Johns attempt to attack Phillip from Poitou fails due to English baronial opposition When | 1212 |
| Damme What When | 1213 Attempted invasion of England by Louis (son of Phillip) but French fleet was damaged at the Port of Damme |
| La Rochelle - What - 1214 | John lands at La Rochelle and reasserts his authority over Aquitaine |
| Louis Invasion When What | May 1216 Louis lands in England, walks into London amongst cheering crowds |
| Johns Death When How | September 1216 John dies of dysentery |
| Barons formally renounce fealty When What | 5th May 1215 the rebels formally renounce their fealty, and choose Robert Fitzwalter as their leader (by May they have London) |
| Runnymede When What | June 1215 Kings seal set to Magna Carta |
| Magna Carta Annulled When Who | July 1215 Pope Innocent |
| Johns 2 Wives | Isabelle of Gloucester Isabel Angouleme |
| How much did Nicholas de Stuteville pay to succeed his lands | £6666 |
| What would Magna Carta set the upper limit to feudal relief to succeed a barony | 100 |
| Scutage - John - How many | 11 |
| Scutage - Henry - How many | 8 |
| Scutage - Richard - How many | 3 |
| When the main threat was in Anjou in 1203 where was John | Normandy |
| When the main threat was in the Seinne valley/East Normandy Spring 1203 where was John | West Normandy |
| When Chatteau Gaillard fell in March 1204, where was John | England |
| Etsi Karissmiuss When What Demonstrates? | September 1215 Papal Bull which repelled Magna Carta Shows John has papal support |
| who is Lothar di Signi | Pope Innocent |
| Papal legate who received John's submission to Rome | Pandulph |
| 'The most striking fact about Eleanor is her utter insignificance in Henry II’s reign…For over 35 years she was almost totally eclipsed' Who? | W. L. Warren |
| 'Her role before Henry’s death depended on the space Henry allowed her, which in the later part of his reign was none at all' Who About Who | Carpenter Eleanor of Aquitaine |
| What is a Corrody Who got one | An allowance from the Exchequer Eleanor received such a payment , suggesting he was of some importance to the government |
| How old was Eleanor when she died | 82 |
| 'The bloodsuckers of Christian purses' Who On Who | William de Montibus on the Jews |
| Name 2 Jewish usurers | Aaron of Lincoln Isaac of Norwich |
| First victim of Blood Libel | William of Norwich |
| Ringleader of Jewish Pogrom | John Marshall Richard Malvis Marmaduke Darell |
| 'a piece of vile commerce and a shameful loss to the English crown' What was this historian referring to | Quit-Claim of Canterbury |
| How much did Richard have to pay annually to his captors to secure his freedom | 5000 marks a year |
| Who died in 1167 | Empress Matilda |
| Young Henrys marriage to Who When Gained what | Margaret 1160 gained territory of the Vexin |
| Alnwick - July 1174 What? | Battle were WIlliam the Lion was defeated and captured pretty much ended the Great Rebellion |
| Who retreated from Henry II in Normandy August 1174 | Young Henry Louis Counts of Boulogne and Toulouse |
| What happened September 1174 | Young Henry and Henry II met to settle terms |
| What happened at Poitou in August 1174 | Richard surrendered to Henry II |
| Who invaded England Oct 1173 | Earl of Leicester and Flemish allies landed in suffolk |
| Who defeated the Suffolk invasion Oct 1173 | Earl of Leicester and Flemish allies landed in Suffolk but were heavily defeated by royal force led by de Lucy ad Earls of Cornwall, Gloucester and Arundel |
| How many of Henry's Sheriffs did Richard Retain? What does this show | 7 His keenness to remove corrupt officials for royal justice to function more efficiently |
| Who did Richard charge £800 for allowing a prisoner to escape | Robert de Ros |
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