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Flashcards by Anna Hogarth, updated more than 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Questions to ask a patient who presents with a skin condition: | Time course: Acute (<2 weeks) or chronic? Patient well or unwell. Details of rash/lesion. Distribution? How/where did it start? Precipitating factors? Medications? Allergies? What has the patient tried on it already? |
| Lesion | Single area of altered skin, may be single or multiple. |
| Rash | Widespread eruption of lesions. |
| Primary lesions | Primary lesions: Changes in the skin which occur as consequence of the disease process. |
| Macule | Change in colour of area of skin <1.5 cm in diameter. |
| Patch | Change in colour of area of skin >1.5 cm in diameter. |
| Maculo-papular | (Maculo-papular: Rash in which there is a mix of macules and papules, often seen in viral illnesses). |
| Papule | Papule; A solid raised palpable lesion <0.5 cm in diameter. |
| Plaque | Plaque: Palpable flat lesion >0.5cm in diameter. |
| Nodule | Nodule: Solid raised lesion >0,5 cm in height, width and length. |
| Cyst | Cyst: Papule or nodule which contains fluid |
| Vesicle | Vesicle: Fluid filled blister <0.5 cm in diameter. |
| Bulla | Bulla: Fluid filled blister >0.5 cm in diameter (may have multiple compartments). |
| Pustule | Pustule: Pus filled vesicle |
| Weal/wheal | Weal/wheal: An oedematous papule or plaque, caused by swelling in the dermis. |
| Secondary change | Secondary change: Changes in skin that may evolve from a primary lesion or caused by trauma or healing. |
| Excoriation | Excoriation: Marks/abrasions on the skin due to scratching. |
| Crusting | Crusting: Drying of plasma or exudate on skin. |
| Fissuring | Fissuring: Cracking of epidermis due to excessive dryness. |
| Lichenification | Lichenification: Palpable thickening of epidermis with exaggeration of normal skin lines usually due to repeated rubbing. |
| Ulceration | Ulceration: Full thickness loss of epidermis, slow to heal and leaves scar. |
| Erosion | Erosion: Shallow loss of epidermal layer, heals without scar. |
| Scar | Scar: Permanent fibrosis in skin following damage to dermis. |
| Annular | Annular: Lesions arrange in a ring. |
| Clustered | Clustered: Lesions that are grouped together. |
| Discoid | Discoid: Coin-shaped lesions (aka nummular). |
| Reticular | Reticular: A lace-like pattern. |
| Follicular | Follicular: Arising from hair follicles |
| Target lesions | Target lesions: Concentric rings which look like a dart-board. |
| Serpiginous | Serpiginous: Shaped like a snake |
| Dermatomal | Dermatomal: Confined to a nerve root distribution |
| Flexural | Flexural: Affecting the skin fold (intertrigonal). |
| Confluent | Confluent: Joining together. |
| Desquamation | Desquamation: Peeling skin. |
| Ecchymoses | Ecchymoses: Large bruises. |
| Erythematous | Erythematous: Red skin due to increased blood supply. |
| Herpetiform | Herpetiform: Looks like a herpes infection with grouped vesicles |
| Koebner phenomenon | Koebner phenomenon: Tendency for skin conditions to affect injured areas of the skin. |
| Morbilliform | Morbilliform: A rash which looks like measles- multiple small red macules up to 10 mm in size, may be confluent in some areas |
| Purpura | Purpura: discoloured areas of skin or mucous membrane (>2mm) due to haemorrhage from small blood vessels. |
| Petechiae | Petechiae: Purpuric lesions <2mm in size. Both purpura and petechiae are non-blanching |
| Pedunculated | Pedunculated: A lesion on a stalk. |
| Scale | Scale: Flakes of compacted dead skin cells. |
| Sessile | Sessile: A lesion that appears to be stuck to the skin surface, without a stalk. |
| Should comment on these features of Pigmented lesions | Pigmented lesions: Comment on size, uniformity of colour, regularity of margins and raised/thickened or not. |
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