Aquinas' Natural Law - Ethics - Theme 2 - Eduqas A-Level Religious Studies

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A level Religious Studies (Ethics | Theme 2) Flashcards on Aquinas' Natural Law - Ethics - Theme 2 - Eduqas A-Level Religious Studies , created by Malachy Moran-Tun on 25/05/2022.
Malachy Moran-Tun
Flashcards by Malachy Moran-Tun, updated more than 1 year ago
Malachy Moran-Tun
Created by Malachy Moran-Tun almost 2 years ago
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Question Answer
What are the 4-Levels of Law? > Eternal law - most authoritative, absolute laws (cannot be violated). Includes creation and the laws of nature (e.g., gravity). > Divine law - God revealed through scripture and through Jesus to provide laws. Consistent - should not be violated - authoritative and absolute > Natural law - Law establish through recta ratio (right reason). Allows those who cannot access divine law (e.g., through scripture) can still follow divine law via reason. Aims to allow us to achieve the highest good / understand our final goal > Human law - relative to society (made by a governing authority). Should not be followed unless it is in accordance with the laws above. Changes with society The lower the level of law, the more arbitrary it may become
What are the 5 Primary Precepts? W - Worship God O - Order Society R - Reproduce L - Learn and Develop D - Defend the Innocent
What are Primary and Secondary Precepts? > Primary precepts - all available via our own reasoning (in accordance with divine and eternal law) > Should always be followed - established to help humans achieve their purpose (links to VT) > Eternal and objective (deontological) > Secondary precepts derived from primary precepts > Based on how society progresses, and therefore are relative, but they should not violate the primary precepts
What is the Doctrine of Double Effect? > Secondary precepts that break a primary precept must uphold other precepts more (e.g., Just War, or abortion due to medical issues) > If the intention is there, it may be acceptable - the intention should not be to break a precept, but uphold others > Decision must come from recta ratio
What are Real and Apparent Goods? > Real goods - objective (never a matter of opinion) and virtuous (links to VT). Correctly reasoned goods that help you achieve your telos > Apparent goods - wrongly reasoned goods. Seemingly good but leads to a bad outcome. Uses subjective opinion through inaccurate reasoning - arbitrary, appeals to emotion rather than reasoning
What are the 4 Cardinal Virtues? Taken from Virtue Theory: > Prudence (Wisdom) > Temperance (Restraint) > Fortitude (Courage) > Justice (Fair)
What are the 3 Revealed (Theological) Virtues? > Faith > Hope > Charity (links to agape love)
What is the Difference between the Cardinal and Revealed Virtues? > Cardinal taken from virtue theory > Not specifically religious, but still virtues to strive for > Revealed from religion - not prevalent in a secular society > Revealed only known through God's revelation through scripture > Aquinas - revealed virtues carry on into the afterlife - they are not necessary achievable in this life (but should strive for them)
How does Natural Law argue Against Abortion through Primary Precepts? - Worship God - follow what is said in scripture - Order society & defend the innocent - preserve life - Reproduce - allow all births - Learn and develop - teach said scripture
How does Natural Law argue Against Abortion through Real and Apparent Goods? > Abortion is an apparent good > Security, emotional reaction would only be temporary > It is argued that afterwards, many experience regret > Raising a child would be a real good - bringing new life offers a sense of importance and accomplishment
How does Natural Law argue Against Abortion through Cardinal and Revealed Virtues? > Temperance - logically make a restrained decision > Courage - courageous to take the harder option > Prudence - wise and educated (by Scripture) decision > Justice - for the unborn (although some can be argued the other way) > Faith and hope - follow Scripture and have hope that it will be the right decision
Quotes for Natural Law's Stance on Abortion > "Before I formed you in the womb, I knew you" - Jeremiah 1:5 > "you knit me together in my mother's womb" - Psalm 139:13 > "be fruitful and multiply" - Genesis 1:28
What is Howard Kainz's Stance on Abortion in Natural Law? > Precept of reproduction should be voluntary > Doctrine of Double effect should be raised in cases such as rape > But - it is a more Christian thing to remain courageous, virtuous, and self-sacrificial > It is right to not have an abortion in all cases, as it shows Jesus-like attributes
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