4081399
Description
Flashcards by Luca Cameron, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Luca Cameron
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Where are your chromosones found? | In the nucleus of your cells |
| How many types of chromosones are there and how many in total? | 23 types, 46 in total |
| What are chromosones for? | They protect your DNA |
| Chromosones have a special thick _____ coat | protein |
| What is selective breeding | When you breed animals to have special qualities which make the animal/plant worth more money... etc. |
| For the topic fit and healthy, what do the 4 "s" stand for | Strength, stamina, speed, suppleness |
| what are the 7 food groups | fat, protein, minerals, fiber, vitamins, carbs, water |
| Name some harmful chemicals in cigarettes | arsenic, butane, ammonia, carbon, formaldehyde, carbon monoxide, nicotine, tar |
| what are the four types of drugs | depressant, addictive, recreational and stimulate |
| what is a depressant drug | a drug that slows down the activity in the brain |
| what is a recreational drug | a drug which people take for fun |
| what is an addictive drug | a drug which makes you addicted to it. |
| what is a stimulate drug | a drug which makes your nerves more intense, like coffee |
| what are the two types of variation | environmental and inherited |
| what is variation | differences between things or organisms |
| what's the difference between a breed and a species | species: a group of organisms that can reproduce to create another organism which can reproduce as well (e.g. dogs) breed: a group of animals which have different characteristics from other animals from the same species (e.g. poodle) |
| chromosones are divided into sections called _____ | genes |
| there are about _____ different genes in every human cell | 23 000 |
| what is a gamete | a scientific word for sex cell |
| TRUE or FALSE: genes come in many different forms | true |
| sex cells are specialised to transfer genes from parents to _____. The nuclei of a sex cell (gametes) only contain _____ of the chromosomes of normal cells. In fertilisation one sperm cell enters an ____ (egg cell). The two nuclei fuse together to form a complete set of genes | offsprings half ovum |
| Changes in genes are called _____ | mutations |
| what is a cross breed | when different varieties of breeds are mated with one another (labrador + poodle = labra-doodle) |
| name some useful characteristics in plants | strong roots, weather resistant etc. |
| How do plant breeders breed plants | 1) The anthers of a flower are cut off 2) Pollen from anthers of another flower is brushed onto the stigma 3) The flower is placed in a bag so that pollen from another flower can not get to it |
| what does it mean by being 'fit' | your body is able to do the activities that your lifestyle demands |
| which organ systems work together to release energy from food | circulatory, digestive and breathing systems |
| all the cells in your body use aerobic respiration to release energy from _____ | glucose |
| formula for aerobic respiration | glucose + oxygen --> water + carbon dioxide |
| name some of the poisons from cigarette smoke | arsenic, tar, ammonia, butane, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, nicotine |
| what is needed for healthy teeth and bones | calcium |
| What is the equation to find out the pressure of something | F ––––––– P x A |
| how could we change the pressure? | change the force and/or the area |
| name some units for pressure | pascals, N/M2, N/CM2... |
| why does water pressure change with depth | the deeper you go, the more water particles there are above you packing down on you, creating a bigger force therefore leading to a larger pressure |
| what happens when a gas is compressed | it will heat up and create a bigger pressure |
| what is a hydraulic system | a system which uses the resistance offered by liquids to create a bigger force (e.g. the breaks on your car) |
| define these words: -load -effort -pivot | load = the mass/weight/object used effort = moment/turning effect/force pivot = the point on a lever where the turning effect happens (hard to explain, go look at a diagram) |
| give an example of an everyday lever | scissors, clippers, see saw etc. |
| the longer the lever the (bigger/smaller) the force | bigger |
| define 'moment' | the turning force/effect |
| what is the equation to calculate the moment? | M ––––––– F x D |
| what is the equation to calculate speed? | D –––––– S x T |
| if the forces on an object are balanced, the speed (stays the same / increases / decreases / stops) | stays the same |
| what factors effect acceleration? | speed, friction (if on floor), weight, air resistance, reaction force (from ground) etc. |
| what is acceleration? | acceleration = change in speed ÷ time taken |
| how can you reduce air resistance? | making the object aerodynamic or streamlined |
| the faster you go, the (smaller/bigger) the air resistance | bigger - you're trying to push through the particles! |
| if the forward force on a car is greater than the backwards force, the _____ force makes the car speed up | the resultant force |
| if the car has a forward force of 100N, but a backwards force of 20N, what will the resultant force be? | 80N |
| what formula do we use to work out the acceleration? | F –––––– M x A |
| what is terminal velocity? | when your air resistance is the same as your weight, so she is falling as fast as she can (skydiver) |
| what are fluids? | gases and liquids |
| moments are measured in... | newton centimeters (Ncm) or newton meters (Nm) |
| a muscle can only (push/pull) | pull |
| since a muscle can only pull, muscles have to work in _____ pairs to be able to move bones back and forth. Give an example | antagonistic pairs biceps & triceps, shin & calf, quads & hamstring, etc. |
| When you fracture or break a bone, there are many different words/types to differentiate these injuries. Name 2 | transverse, oblique, greenstick, impacted, comminuted |
| the tracks used in bulldozers are called ____ tracks and they are useful for... | caterpillar tracks the tracks reduce the pressure, therefore helping prevent the bulldozer sinking into the ground due to its weight |
| Atmospheric Pressure is about ________ Pa. (a number) | 100 000 |
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