420407
| Question | Answer |
| cell atrophy | a decrease or shrinkage of cell size -can occur in any cell |
| physiologic atrophy | thymus glad -aging |
| pathologic atrophy | decreases in -workload -muscle use -blood suppy -nutrition -hormones -nervous stimulation |
| cell hypertrophy | increase in cell size. -increase in size of affected organ |
| cell hyperplasia | increase in number of cells |
| hyperplasia occurs with hypertrophy except in | the heart |
| hormonal hyperplasia | adaptive mechanism |
| examples of hormonal hyperplasia | estrogen dependent organs -uterus/breast |
| pathologic hyperplasia | abnormal proliferation of cells (excessive) |
| cell metaplasia | replacement of mature cell by another cell type |
| cellular adaptation that is usually reversible | metaplasia |
| cell dysplasia | abnormal changes in size, shape, and organization of mature cells |
| reversible cell injury | injured cells recover |
| irreversible cellular injury | injured cells die |
| hypoxic injury | lack of sufficient oxygen |
| 5 Ps of ischemia | pain pallor pulselessness parasthesia paralysis |
| ischemia | reduced blood supply |
| anoxia | total lack of oxygen |
| pulmonary embolus | blockage of the main artery of the lung or one of its branches by a substance that has travelled from elsewhere in the body |
| myocardial infarct | heart attack |
| cellular responses to ischemia and anoxia | decrease in ATP sodium potassium pump fails sodium calcium exchange fails cellular swelling |
| hypoxic injury enzyme release | Creatine PhosphoKinase -CPK Lactic DeHydrogenase -LDH |
| CPK | skeletal muscle, brain, heart |
| LDH | liver, kidney, skeletal muscle, RBC -isoenzymes |
| carbon monoxide | causes hypoxic injury or oxygen deprivation |
| CO affinity for hemoglobin | 300 times that of oxygens |
| hyperthermic injury | chilling or freezing slows cellular metabolic processes |
| therapeutic hyperthermia | beneficial for tissue preservation |
| hyperthermic injuries | heat cramps heat exhaustion heat stroke |
| necrosis | sum of cellular changes after local cell death |
| autophagic cell death | breast tissue not needed anymore |
| apoptosis | cell programmed to die |
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