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Description
Flashcards by Alex Vazquez, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Alex Vazquez
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Ethical Principles for Animal Research | Research must have a clear, scientific purpose. Provide humane living conditions. Legally obtain animals. Least amount of suffering. |
| Standard Diviation | Shows how far scores vary from the mean (average) score |
| 68-95-99.7 Rule | Means 68% of the scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean (average) 95% of all scores fall within two standard deviations of the mean. 99.7 of all scores fall within three standard deviations of the mean. |
| Normal Distribution | Forms a bell-shaped or symmetrical curve (upside down U) |
| Mode | The most frequently occurring score |
| Median | Divided by the number of scores. |
| Mean | The average or sum of the set of scores. |
| Operational Definitions | Statement of your procedure; identifies the IV and DV, sampling and assignment. |
| Dependent Variable | What is being measured in an experiment |
| Random assignment | Assigning participants to experimental and control groups by chance |
| Cross sectional study | Compares individuals at various ages at ONE POINT in time (one and done) |
| Longitudinal Study | Studies a single individual or a group over an extended period of time. |
| Zero Correlation | indicates there is No relationship between two variables |
| Negative Correlation | -1; Means two move in opposite direction. |
| Positive Correlation | Means two variables move in the same direction. Positive relationship between smoking and lung cancer |
| Correlation Coefficient | A number value that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables. |
| Correlation studies | Researchers observe or measure a relationship between variables. |
| Participant bias | Tendency for participant to respond in a certain way because they respond in a certain way because they know they are being observed. |
| Researcher Bias | Tendency for researchers to look for evidence that supports their hypothesis & ignore contradictory evidence |
| Surveys | Descriptive method; uses questionnaires or interviews |
| Skewed Distribution | Distribution with most scores squeezed to one end, few scores stretch out like tail. |
| Reliability | Consistency or repeatability of results. Taking a test and seeing if the results can be repeated |
| Random Selection | Choosing of members of a population so that every individual has an equal chance of being chosen for a sample |
| Quasi Experiment | Measurement of dependent variable when random assignment to groups of a randomly selected sample is not possible. |
| Quantitative Data | Information can be reported as numbers for ease of handling. |
| Population | All of the individuals in the group to which the study applies. A sample is a subgroup of the population the participates in the study. |
| Placebo | Physical or psychological treatment given to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group, but contains no active ingredients. |
| Naturalistic Observation | Observing & recording behavior in naturally occurring situation situations w/o trying to manipulate and control the situation |
| Inferential Statistics | Statistics used to interpret data and draw conclusions |
| Hypothesis | Prediction of how two or more factors are likely to be related. And can be tested. |
| Experimental Group | Group that you are experimenting on, and is receiving the independent variable. |
| Experiment | Research Method that involves manipulation of an independent variable |
| Ethical guidelines for human research | Informed consent, voluntary participation, debriefing, and confidentiality. |
| Descriptive Statistics | Numbers that summarize a set of research data from a sample. |
| Confounding variables | Factors that cause differences between the experimental group and the control group other than the independent variable. |
| Central Tendency | Describes average of a distribution. |
| Case Studies | Research technique in which one person is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles EX Phineas Gage |
| Hindsight Bias | Knowing something would happen before it did. |
| Overconfidence | Being sure of a fact and later finding out the subject was different and made more errors than though. |
| Scientific Method | A systematic, step-by-step procedure psychologist use when conducting a research. By doing this psychologist seek to find a cause and effect from variables they test. |
| Case study | A type of observational data collection technique |
| Illusory Correlation | Sometimes people believe that there is a relationship between events and variables. an example is recalling bad experiences with lawyers and only remembering the bad ones leading to think that all lawyers are bad. |
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