5113083
Description
Flashcards by Bee Brittain, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Bee Brittain
about 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Nucleus | Contains chromosomes and genetic information and controls what goes in and out of the cell. |
| Nuclear Envelope | Contains pores that allow substances such are RNA to move between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. |
| Nucleolus | Makes Ribosomes. |
| Mitochondrion | Site of Aerobic respiration where ATP is produced. Has a double membrane of which the inner layer if folded inwards to form cristae (increase surface area). Contains a fluid matrix inside. |
| Chloroplast | Site where photosynthesis takes place. Found in plant cells and surrounded by a double membrane. |
| Chloroplast - Stroma | A fluid filled matrix found in chloroplasts that contains the enzymes needed for the 2nd stage of photosynthesis (synthesis of sugars). |
| Chloroplast - Thylakoid membranes | Stacked up to from grana. Grana are then connected by lamellae - thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membranes. All this makes a large surface area for the attachment of chlorophyll, electron carriers and enzymes that carry out the 1st stage of photosynthesis (light absorption). |
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | A system of membranes enclosing a fluid-filled space. The surface is covered with ribosomes. This provides a large surface area for the synthesis of proteins and glycoproteins. Provides a pathway for the transport of materials, especially proteins throughout the cell. |
| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Similar to the Rough endoplasmic reticulum but has no ribosomes. Carries out the synthesis, store and transport of lipids and carbohydates. |
| Golgi Apparatus | Consists of a stack membranes that make up flattened sacs callers cisternae. The golgi: forms lysosomes; adds carbohydrate to proteins to form glycoproteins; transports, modifies and stores lipids; Secretes carbohydrates such as cellulose and produces secretory enzymes such as those secreted by the pancreas. |
| Lysosomes - structure | - Contains digestive enzymes called lysozymes. - Round organelle surrounded by a membrane - Abundant in phagocytic cells and epithelial cells - Formed when a vesicle from the golgi contains enzymes (e.g proteases and lipases) |
| Lysosomes - Functions | - Release enzymes outside of the cell to destroy extracellular material - Completely break down cells after they have died (cell lysis) - Contain Lysozymes - Hydrolyse material ingested by phagocytic cells |
| Ribosomes | There are 2 types: 70S - Prokaryotic cells + Mitochondria and Chloroplasts and 80S - Eukaryotic cells. They are a small cytoplasmic granule found in all cells. Floats freely in cytoplasm or attached to RER. They are the site of Protein Synthesis |
| Cell Wall - Structure | - Rigid structure that surrounds plants - Consists of microfibrils of the polysaccharide cellulose, embedded in a matrix - Thin layer called the middle lamella which marks the boundary between adjacent cell walls and cements them together. |
| Vacuole - Structure | A fluid filled sack bounded by a single membrane called the Tononplast. A plant vacuole contains a solution of mineral salts, sugars, amino acids, wastes and sometimes pigments |
| Vacuole - Function | The sugars and amino acids may act as a temporary food store. The pigments may colour petals in order to attract pollinating insects. It is also a support to herbaceous plants by making cells turgid. |
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