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Description
Flashcards by Bee Brittain, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Bee Brittain
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Define the term 'Homologous Series' | A homologous series of organic compounds that have the same function group and increase by CH2 with each successive member |
| Define what is meant by 'Functional Group' | The functional group of a compound are the group atoms responsible for the characteristic properties of a compound |
| What does 'Aliphatic' mean? | Carbon atoms are joined to each other in branched or unbranched chains |
| What does Alicyclic mean? | Carbon atoms are joined together in a ring/cyclic structure |
| What does Aromatic mean? | If something is aromatic then some or all of its carbon atoms are found in a benzene ring |
| Define Structural Isomerism | Structural Isomers have the same molecular formula, but a different structural formula |
| What is steoreoisomerism? | Stereoisomerism is when isomers have the same structural formula but a different arrangement in space |
| E/Z isomerism is an example of what type of isomerism? | Stereoisomerism |
| What is cis-trans isomerism? | It is a special case of E/Z isomerism in which two of the substituent groups are the same |
| What happens in an addition reaction? | Two reactants join to form one product |
| What happens in a substitution reaction? | What an atom/group of atoms is replaced by another atom/group of atoms |
| What happens in an elimination reaction? | Elimination reactions involve the removal of a smaller molecule from a larger one |
| Empirical Formula = | the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound |
| Structural Formula: | the minimal detail that shows the arrangement of atoms in a molecule |
| Molecular Formula: | the actual number of atoms present of each element in a compound |
| General Formula: | the simplest algebraic formula of a member of a homologous series E.g/ Alkanes = CnH2n+2 |
| Displayed Formula: | the relative positioning of atoms and the bonds between them |
| Skeletal Formula: | the simplified organic formula, shown by removing hydrogen atoms from alkyl chains, leaving just the carbon skeleton and the associated functional groups |
| Describe what happens during homolyctic fission | When a covalent bond breaks by homolyctic fission, each of the bonded atoms takes one of the shared pair of electrons from the bond, forming two radicals |
| Describe what happens during heterolyctic fission | When a covalent bond breaks by heterolyctic fission, one of the bonded atoms takes BOTH the shared pair of electrons. This forms a positive ion (the atom that didn't take any electrons) and a negative ion (the atoms that took both electrons) |
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