519005
Description
Flashcards by MeganAnne449, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by MeganAnne449
about 10 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Glomerulus | A specialized bed of capillaries that are attached to arterioles on both sides (maintains high pressure) |
| 2 types of arterioles | afferent Efferent |
| What are the capillaries of the Glomerulus covered in? | Podocytes from the renal tubule |
| What are the Structural and Functional units of Kidneys? | the Nephrons |
| 3 regions of the Kidney | -Renal Cortex -Renal Medulla -Renal Pelvis |
| Renal Cortex | Outer region of kidney |
| Renal Medulla | Inner region of cortex |
| Renal Pelvis | Inner collecting tube |
| Medulla Pyramids | Triangular shaped tissues found in the medulla |
| Renal Columns | Extensions of inward cortex material |
| Calyces | Cup Shaped Structures that funnel urine towards the renal pelvis |
| 2 main structures of Nephrons | -Glomerulus -Renal Tubule |
| What does the Glomerulus sit within? | it sits within the glomerular capsule, the first part of the renal tubule |
| What is the Function of the Urinary System? | Elimination of Waste |
| What are the organs of the Urinary System? | -urters -urethra -kidneys -urinary bladder |
| Where are the Kidneys located? | -in the dorsal body wall -T12 to L3 |
| Which kidney is lower? | -Right Kidney |
| 2 Coverings of Kidneys | -Adipose -Renal |
| Atop each kidney is a... | Adrenal gland |
| Renal Capsule | -covering for kidney |
| Adipose Capsule | -covering of kidney -keeps kidney in place -provides protection |
| Process of Renal Tubule (4) | -Glomerular capsule -proximal convoluted tubule -loop of Henle -distal converted tubule |
| 2 types pf Neurons | 1.Cortical 2. Juxtamedullary |
| What is the Urine Formation Process? | Filtration Resorption Secretion |
| What is Filtrtion? | -passive not active water smaller than protiens are passed through -blood cannot be passed -everything is captured in the glomerular tubule then leaves via the renal tubule |
| Reabsorption | -The peritublar capillaries reabsorb several materials -Passive, some active -Occurs in Proximal convulted tubule |
| Where does reabsorption occur? | Proximal Convoluted tubule |
| Name the items the Capillaries reabsorb: | -water -glucose -amino acids -ions |
| Name the materials not reabsorbed | -Nitrogenous waste -Excess Water |
| What is Secretion? | -when materials move from the peritunular capillaries to the renal tubule |
| Where do the left over material move to during secretion? | -they move to toward the urter |
| Characteristics of Urine (5) | -yellow -sterile -slightly aromatic -pH of 6 -gravity of 1.001 to 1.035 |
| Ureters | -slender tubes attached to the kidney and bladder -runs behind the peritoneum |
| what aids gravity in urine transport? | Peristalsis |
| Urinary Bladder | -smooth, collapsible muscular sac -temporarily stores urine |
| How many openings does the bladder have? | 3. trigone |
| Openings of bladder: | -two from the ureters -one from urethrea |
| Urinary Bladder Wall | -Three layers of tissue -walls are thick and folded in an empty bladder -bladder can expand without increasing pressure -Mucosa made of trans. epithelium |
| Urethra | -thin walled shaped tune that carries urine to the outside by peristalisis |
| Urine is released by 2 Sphincters: | -Internal (involuntary) -external (voluntary) |
| Length of Urethra | -Females (3-4cm) (1 in) -males (20cm) (8in) |
| Location of Urethra | women=vagina men=penis and prostate |
| Function of the Urethra | carry urine and serve as a pathway in males |
| what must sphincters do to avoid voiding? | -they must open |
| What sphincter is relaxed after stretching the bladder? | -Internal Urethral |
| How is voiding produced? | -an impulse is sent from the spinal cord and then the back via the pelvic splanchic nerves |
| What Sphincter must be voluntarily relaxed? | -the external |
| Normal amount of water | Females-50,Males-60,Babies-75,Elders-45 |
| Distribution of Body Fluid (2) | Intracellular, Extracellular |
| Extracellular includes? | blood plasma, interstitial fluid |
| What cause water to move from one place to another? | -the change in electrolyte balance |
| Changes in electrolyte balance can? | Alter blood volume and blood pressure, can impair the activity of cells |
| In order to maintain water balance you must? | -take in as much water as you put out |
| Sources for water intake (2) | Ingested foods and fluids, water produced from metabolic processes |
| Sources for water output (4) | Vaporization out of lungs, lost in perspiration, leaves the body in feces,urine production |
| What is produced if water intake is excessive? | Dilute urine |
| When large amounts of urine are lost... | less urine is produced |
| Maintaining Water balance: | Proper concentrations of various electrolytes must be present |
| What is regulation done by? | -hormones |
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) | -prevents excessive water loss in urine |
| Aldosterone | -regulates sodium ion content of extracellular fluid |
| What are active Monitors? | -Cells in Kidneys and Hypothalamus |
| Alkalosis | pH above 7.45 |
| Acidosis | -pH below 7.35 |
| Where should pH be? | -between 7.35-7.45 |
| Most acid-base is maintained by what organ? | -the kidney |
| Acid-base controlling systems (2) | Blood buffers, Respiration |
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