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Description
Flashcards by kacieleach, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by kacieleach
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the IV? | This is the variable being manipulated in the experiment. The IV has a direct affect on the DV. |
| What is meant by the DV? | This is the variable being measured in the experiment. This is measured after making changes to the IV. |
| What is an extraneous variable? | Extraneous Variables are variables which may have an affect on the DV other than the IV. |
| What is meant by confounding variables? | Confounding variables are variables if not controlled could provide alternative explanations for the change in the DV. |
| What is causality? | This is how one variable influences another. Changes in one variable measured, directly caused changes in the other variable. |
| What is meant by a directional hypothesis? | This predicts the direction of the effect? |
| What is meant by a non-directional hypothesis? | This predicts that the IV will have an effect on the DV but does not specify the direction of the effect. |
| What is an null hypothesis? | This states that there is no relationship between the two variables. |
| Explain Repeated measures? | This involves every participant being exposed to each condition. -Each participant does a task with the TV on -A week later, each participant does a task with the TV off |
| Explain Independent groups? | Involves different participants in each condition. -One group does a task with the TV on -The other group does a task with the TV off |
| Explain Matched Pairs? | Participants are matched in each condition as closely as possible based on important variables in the study (gender, age etc.) that could potentially confound the study. |
| Give 3 advantages of Repeated Measures? | -Cheaper -Less participant variation -Less time consuming -less people needed -easier |
| Give 3 advantages of Independent groups? | -No order effects -Les likely participants will get bored -Less likely participants will realise the purpose of the experiment |
| Give 3 advantages of Matched Pairs? | -No order effects -Less participant variation -Similar characteristics |
| Disadvantages of Repeated Measures? | -Order effects: participants may do better in first test due to boredom in second test or practice -Some participants may realise the purpose of the experiment by the second condition and act accordingly |
| How to deal with disadvantages of Repeated Measures? | -Keep the study short -Counter-balancing -Use different tests but make sure they both measure the same thing -Cover story to prevent participants from guessing the purpose of the study |
| Disadvantages of Independent groups? | -No control over participant variation (ability or characteristics) Participants in one group may have better memories than the other -Need to recruit more participants than other deisgns |
| How to deal with disadvantages of Independent groups? | -Randomly allocate participants to ensure groups are not affected by researcher bias |
| Disadvantages of Matches pairs design? | -Impossible to match all relevant variables -Time consuming to match participants on key variables |
| How to deal with disadvantages of Matched pairs design? | -Conduct a pilot study to consider variables |
| What is a control group? | A group of participants who do not receive the IV. |
| What is the purpose of a control group? | To have a point of comparison, so the researcher can be certain it was the IV that changed the DV. |
| What is meant by social desirability? | When a participant changes their behaviour and acts in a way they believe is desirable to society or the researcher. |
| What is meant by mundane realism? | This is whether the experiment reflects the real world. |
| What is a pilot study? | A small scale study to test for the main study. |
| What is meant by demand characteristics? | When the participant becomes aware of the purpose of the experiment (could be down to a subtle cue from researcher) and therefore changes there behaviour to how they believe the researcher wants them to act. |
| How could you deal with demand characteristics? | Deception- Telling the participants the study is looking at one thing, when it is really looking at something completely different Double Blind Experiment- Neither the researcher or participants are aware of the hypothesis or condition participants have been assigned |
| What is meant by internal validity? | Whether the experiment measured what it intended to measure. |
| What is meant by external validity? | The extend to which you can generalise outside of the experiment. |
| What is meant by eco-logical validity? | Concern of whether findings can be applied to every day life. |
| What is meant by mundane validity? | Whether the study mirrors the real world. |
| What is meant by general validity? | When results can be generalised from an experimental setting to other areas of life. |
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