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Description
Flashcards by jim.a.norman, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jim.a.norman
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Politics | Stability of Cadres meant that most party officials stayed in their posts for many years. Nomenklatura allowed Brezhnev to fill the government with people who would support him. Free discussion was abolished (writers Daniel and Siniavski were imprisoned.) Unofficial publishing (samizdat) continued to occur, some critics sent to mental hospitals. Citizens subject to heavy surveillance from the secret police who now had modern technology to help. |
| Agriculture | 1980, 25% of all investment went into agriculture. Collective farmers given state pensions and minimum wages. Low productivity (late 1960s, agricultural production was rising by 4% each year, late 1970s, down to 1%.) 1960s, Sovkhoz team works out grain can be produced for 1/3 the price, x3 the income. 1980s USSR continues to import grain from USA. |
| Industry | Emphasis on consumer goods, 9th Five Year Plan put them above capital goods. (1971-75, continual slowing of industrial growth.) Country became more reliant on use of oil and gas, USSR had plenty. Oil prices increased in 1970s and 1980s, giving USSR more money. Transport received extra funding, 1980, Aeroflot carried 100,000,000 passengers, cars became more common. |
| Living standards | Cost of living was still very high, 1979, Russian worker had to work 4.5 hours for a loaf of bread, USA equivalent of 48 minutes. People queued for hours for the bare necessities. Low fairs for air travel meant that people flew to the capitals to do their shopping (profitable for peasants who flew to sell goods in the private markets.) Over half of Moscow's accommodation was built in Brezhnev's rule. Thriving black ('second') economy was used for importing goods. |
| Social | Education: 1970s and 80s, range of courses supported by books, radio, tv programmes. 1980, a third of the population was involved in education. Gave greater preference to academic courses over technical ones, skills for developing economy were therefore restricted. |
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