5655210
Description
Flashcards by Michael Tewes, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Michael Tewes
almost 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| General definition? | Semantics is the study of sentence meaning and word meaning |
| What is reflexivity? | Reflexivity is a type of interpretation wherein two arguments of the same predicate co-refer. "I spoke to John about HIMSELF" (reflexive pronoun) |
| Explain the terms "use" and "mention" in context of words. Give an example. | MENTIONED: "What is the meaning of 'sesquipedalian'? USE: "He is inordinately fond of the sesquipedalian turn of phrase." |
| What are "object language" and "meta-language"? | If using language to describe another language: OBJECT-language is the described language META-language is the describing language |
| What are "types" and "tokens"? | Relationship between "type" and "toke" is called INSTANTIATION TYPE: is a kind of something (i.e. the word-type "letter") TOKEN: is a unique entity of a type (object of type class) |
| Definition of WORD | A word is any sequence of letters which is bounded on either side by a space. |
| Definition of LEXEMES | A lexeme is a unit of lexical meaning that exists regardless of the number of inflectional endings it may have or the number of words it may contain. run, runs, ran => same lexeme |
| Definition of HOMONYM | A homonym is one of a group of words, that share the same pronunciation but have different meanings. Homograph and homophone bank (to sit) bank (for money) |
| Definition of HOMOGRAPH | A homograph is a word that shares the same written form as another word, but has a different meaning. bank (to sit) bank (for money) |
| Definition of HOMOPHONE | A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning and MAY differ in spelling. read (past tense of "to read") red (color) |
| Definition of UTTERANCE | Harris (1951): An utterance is "any stretch of talk, by one person, before and after which there is silence on the part of that person." |
| Explain INTONATION and STRESS | By using INTONATION and STRESS when speaking, one can imply additional information: Q: "Have you seen Mary?" A1: "I haven't SEEN her." => But heard of? A2: "I haven't seen HER." => But someone else? |
| Definition of MORPHEME | A morpheme is the smallest grammatical unit carrying meaning. Free morpheme: "town", "dog" Bound morpheme: "-ing", "un-" (as affixes: prefix and suffix) |
| What is PART-WHOLE ALTERNATION | It's a relationship between the WHOLE and its PARTS: Sub Verb Whole ON Part 1. arm / body 2. chair / furniture I KISSED Amy on the cheek. *I DESTROYED Amy on the elbow. |
| Explain MIDDLE CONSTRUCTION | Sentence structure for transitive verbs, that affect the object: 1. The bread cuts easily. 2. Crystal vases break easily. 3. * Cats touch easily |
| What is an INCHOATIVE form? | Similar in meaning to the passive form. 1. a) Janet broke the vase. b) The vase broke. 2. a) Terry touched the cat. b) * The cat touched. |
| Explain HYPONYMY and HYPERNYMY | Hyponymy and hypernyms refer to a relationship between a general term and more specific terms that fall under the category of the general item: color (hypernym) => red, blue, yellow (hyponyms) |
| Explain SYNONYMY | Synonymy refers to words that are pronounced and spelled differently but contain the same meaning. happy, joyful, glad |
| Explain ANTONYMY | Antonymy refers to words that are related by having the opposite meaning to each other. |
| What are GRADED ANTONYMS | Opposites ends of a spectrum. Hot : cold |
| What are COMPLEMENTARY ANTONYMS? | Opposite in meaning without continuous spectrum. dead : alive |
| What are RELATIONAL ANTONYMS? | Opposites, only makes sense in the context of the relationship... no lexical opposite! Husband : wife |
| What is a CONATIVE CONSTRUCTION | X DIRECTS action AT Y Transitiv verbs are not all accepted in the CONATIVE CONSTRUCTION: 1. Margaret cut at the bread. 2. *Janet broke at the vase. |
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