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| Question | Answer |
| What did Busch say JFK's Vietnam approach was? | Middle of road approach |
| What did Bell say about US numbers in Vietnam? | Too many...but too few |
| What does Emile Simpson critique on the Strategic Hamlet program? | It annoyed the population - showed disconnect between operational idea and political context |
| When did escalation begin in Vietnam and which NSAM was it? | NSAM 273 - 26/11/63 |
| What was the incident which sparked escalation in US involvement? When was it? | Gulf of Tonkin, August 1964 |
| How many US troops were in Vietnam by 1965? | 184K |
| How many US troops were in Vietnam by 1966? | 385K |
| How many US troops were in Vietnam by 1967? | 485K |
| Why was the Tet offensive significant? | Military win for US but strategic failure. Showed that they weren't winning |
| When was the Tet Offensive? | January 1968 |
| How did the US measure success in Vietnam? | Enemy bodycounts |
| What was the disparity in US and NV approaches? | US fighting a limited war vs the NV fighting total war |
| What two things did North Vietnam have more of than US? | Greater resolve, ability to absorb casualties |
| What was Morganthau's critique of US approach? | US didn't understand political context. War was a civil war, not NV aggresion |
| What did Morganthau say all EF were characterised as? What was the effect of this? | US characterised all EFs as communists. This forced them into Chinese hands and alienated Soviets |
| How does Morganthau characterise the US approach? | Was is a technical enterprise to be won quickly. Foreign policy then follows. |
| How does Simpson characterise the NV? | Nationalist movement which used communism as a vehicle |
| What does Simpson say was US's mistake in how they views NV? | Only used binary view - Communist or Not |
| What is Robert Osgood's definition of limited war? | Resources and goals are constrained by policy, not capabilities |
| What was JFKs updated deterrence strategy? | Flexible Response |
| What was JFK's EWMs? | E: Containment. W: Support for SV, COIN, Limited War. M: Limited BoG/Advisors |
| What did John Collins say about the US approach in Vietnam? | Technocentric and conventionally focussed |
| What were Johnson's EWMs? | E: Containment. W: COIN, Limited War, Support at all Levels in SV. M: Gradual increase in BoG + Rolling Thunder |
| What is coercion? | Efforts to change the behaviour of a state by manipulating costs and benefits |
| Where is coercion have effect? | Aimed at behind battlefield, but intended to change behaviour on battlefield |
| What % of drug users were there in US mil by 1971? | 50% using weed, 38% on heroin |
| What did Search and Destroy morph into as morale plummeted? | Search and evade |
| How many incidents of fragging were there? | At least 1000 |
| What are the 4 Us? | Unwilling, unqualified, unnecessary, ungrateful |
| When did Rolling Thunder begin? | March 1965 |
| What was the intent of Rolling Thunder? | Coerce North into stopping support for NLF, and show increase morale in south |
| What did Freedman say was the effect of Rolling Thunder? | Increase North's determination to win quickly |
| What were the two last air campaigns? | Linebacker 1 and 2 |
| How effective was Linebacker 1 and 2? | More so, as campaign had become conventional |
| When was Operation Linebacker? | 1972 |
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