Chapter 11

Question	Answer
Calcium functions	Bone growth, development, maintenance blood clot formation muscle contraction
additional calcium function	lowers risk of bone fractures lowers risk of colon cancer lowers risk of kidney stone formation lowers BP improve lipid profile
Getting enough calcium	Rule of 300s- estimate calcium need
Calcium Deficiency	Decreased bone mineral density which can lead to osteopenia, osteoporosis Low blood Calcium which can cause high BP, muscle cramps, abnormal heart rhythm
Very high intake of calcium can	increase risk of kidney stones headaches kidney failure tissue calcification decreased absorption of other minerals
Regulation of Blood Calcium	Secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) Secretion of calcitonin
Type 1 osteoporosis	(postmenopausal) affects trabecular bone undergoing rapid remodeling
Type 2 Osteoporosis	breakdown of cortical bone and trabecular bone
Vitamin D functions	Regulates calcium absorption in three ways: 1. from small intestine 2. with PTH and calcitonin to regulate calcium secretion via kidney 4. bone remodeling
Vitamin D deficiency	Rickets
Vitamin D toxicity symptoms	weakness loss of appetite diarrhea and vomiting confusion increased urine output
Major food sources of vitamin D	fatty fish-sardines and salmon fortified dairy foods fortified breakfast cereals
Magnesium functions	Nerve and heart relax muscles after contraction provides rigidity to bones resistance to tooth decay lower risk of type 2 diabetes

Resource summary

	Created by Mamie Cooper over 7 years ago