7157747
Description
Flashcards by Lucia Jones, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Lucia Jones
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What do Alcohols react with to produce a Salt? | HYDROGEN |
| What is the Functional group of Alcohols? | -OH |
| How many carbon atoms are in the alcohol Propanol? | 3 |
| How did John Newlands arrange his periodic table? | In order of relative atomic mass |
| What was the pattern Newlands discovered? | He noticed that every 8th element was similar, hence the law of Octaves |
| Who's periodic table was better, Newlands or Mendeleevs? | Mendeleev |
| What was better about Mendeleevs periodic table? | He left gaps for undiscovered elements. Arranged it in atomic mass number Organised into groups for elements with similar properties |
| What does Hard Water contain? | Calcium and Magnesium compounds |
| What does Hard water need more of? | Needs more soap in order to form a lather because of the extra calcium and magnesium ions. Hard water forms scum |
| What is a way to measure the hardness of water? | Perform a titration with soap solution |
| How can temporary hard water be softened by? | Boiling it |
| Why does boiling the water not change the hardness of permanent water? | Hard water contains dissolved sulfate ions which do not decompose when heated. |
| What are 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Hard water. | Advantages: - can improve the taste of water - good for the development and maintenance of bones and teeth - can help to reduce heart dieses Disadvanages- More soap needed to create a lather- meaning more money spent on soap - Causes scale in kettles |
| How can you remove the hardness of permanently hard water? | By adding sodium carbonate- it reacts with the calcium and magnesium. |
| What precipitate does sodium carbonate produce when reacting with magnesium and calcium in the process of softening water? | Insoluble precipitates. |
| To produce water of a sufficient quality what must you do? | -Choose an appropriate source of water - filter the water -chlorinate the water |
| What is an advantage to fluoridating water? | It can improve dental health by reducing tooth decay. |
| What are silver nanoparticles? | They have an antibacterial effect, prevents the growth of bacteria within a filter. breaks down harmful pesticides which may be in the water. |
| Describe the flame test | 1. dip a clean flame test loop in the sample soloution 2. hold the loop at in the Bunsen burner flame 3. observe the colour change and determin which metal it indicates clean the loop in acid 4. repeat the steps above |
| What colour do the following metals burn? lithium sodium potassium barium calcium | Lithium = Crimson Sodium = Yellow Potassium = Lilac Barium = Green Calcium = Red |
| What is formed when a few drops of sodium hydroxide are added to a soloution of a metal compound? | A precipitate |
| What happens to the following metal ions aluminium calcium magnesium | aluminium = white precipitate & aluminium hydroxide precipitate dissolves Calcium = White precipitate & No change Magnesium = white precipitate & No change |
| What do the following Transition metals ions form? Copper 2+ Iron 2+ Iron 3+ | Copper 2+ = Blue precipitate Iron 2+ = Green Iron 3+ = Brown |
| Describe how to test for Carbonate ions? | 1. Carbonates react with dilute acids to produce CO2 and water. 2. Collect gas given off and bubble it through limewater. 3. If the sollution becomes cloudy then carbon dioxide is present. |
| Describe the test for halide ions | 1. add a few drops of dilute nitric acid to the solution 2. add a few drops of silver nitrate solution 3. the coloured precipitate will tell you what ion it is. |
| What happens to the following ions during the halide test? Chloride Bromide Iodide | Chloride = white precipitate formed = silver chloride Bromide = cream precipitate formed = silver bromide Iodide = Yellow precipitate formed = silver iodide |
| Describe the test for sulfate ions | 1. add a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid 2. add a few drops of barium chloride The precense of a white precipitate of barium sulfate shows the presence of sulfate ions in the solution |
| Describe how to carry out a titration | 1. A pipette is used to measure a volume of an alkali- put in conical flask 2. Add a few drops of idicator to the conical flask. 3. The acid is placed in a bruette - ensure its at the 0 mark. 4. The acid from the bruette is added to the flask, drop by drop. After a few drops swirle the flask 5. Once the solution has turned colourles, note the amount of acid needed. |
| How is ammonia made? | The Harber Process |
| What are the two raw materials used in the Haber Proccess | Nitrogen and Hydrogen |
| Where are the materials for the Haber Process obtained from? | Hydrogen = natural gas Nitrogen = the air |
| What is the catalyst used in the harber process? | Iron |
| What are the conditions needed for the haber process | temp = 450 pressure = 200 atmospheres |
| What happens at the end of the amonia production? | the reaction reaches Equilibrium |
| define the term Equilibrium | Equilibrium is the point where in a reversible reaction, the reaction favours neither the forward or the backward reaction. |
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