7277548
Description
Flashcards by Dylan Vaughan-Williams, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Dylan Vaughan-Williams
over 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| example involving tail length in widowbirds | - found evidence that females selected for longer tales - because when researchers an artificially increased the length of the birds tails they the once with the longer tails where found to have more mating success. - Handicap of the tail helps them to select for good genes |
| what are Tinbergen's four questions? | 1. Causation refers to the proximate causes of behavior such as the hormones, genes, nerve impulses that control the expression of behaviors. 2. Development refers to the ontogeny of behaviors such as imprinting, or in the case of cognition, issues of learning. 3. Evolution refers to the phylogenetic context in which the behaviors are found. For example, the prevalence of parental care in birds, but not reptiles (with some exceptions) is an example of the taxonomic affiliations of some behaviors. 4. Function refers to the adaptive value or contribution that the behavior makes to fitness. |
| what is the proximate causation? | (causes derived within the life of the organism) |
| what is the ultimate causation? | causes derived over evolutionary time) |
| what is the mechanism behind bird song? | -Destroying HVC destroys ability to sing -HVC being the part of the birds brain which is responsible for singing -if you use electrodes to destroy it then they won't be able to sind. -Individual cells fire during particular syllables -Stimulation of HVC disrupts syllable sequence |
| what is the causal explination also somtimes refered to as? | proximate explination |
| white throated sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis. Why does it sing? | to keep intruders away. other birds are far more likely to indrude on its territory if they hear its song than if they don't. |
| bird singing in terms of ontogony (learning) | theres a critical period in the chaffinches first summer where if they don't learn songs they won't progress and will be confused in terms of songs |
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