728731
| Question | Answer |
| Lakoff | work words - trivial words, weak expletives- oh dear, tag questions - don't impose view, intensifiers- not committing to opinion, hedges- uncertainty, hypercorrect grammar- women comply grammatical rules |
| Komarovsky | work words- women family + personal matters, men money, business, sport, work, local politics |
| Coates | work words - men expert women personal, tag questions - men seek information, hedges- men less, minimal response- women well placed men too late lack of interest + support |
| Tannen | work words- men information giver/fixer status + strength, silences - women listening group bonding, imperatives- men use more |
| Kramer | NY cartoons males swore more |
| Fishman | tag questions- women 3x more conversational shiftwork |
| Holmes | tag questions- modal seek info, affective softening, facilitative draw listener in, 61% modal men , 75% facilitative women |
| Cameron + Coates | tag questions- respect face needs, monitor others in agreement, hedges- negotiable/retractable, competition- adversarial, cooperation- work together |
| Spender | qualifiers- uncertainty women , certainty + authority men |
| Trudgill | Hypercorrect grammar-Norwich women correct pronunciation |
| Cheshire | hypercorrect grammar- Reading - females standard forms |
| Zimmerman + West | interruptions- 98% men , men interrupt women, women interrupt women, overlaps- 100% men, Silences - 3.21 seconds mixed sex, 1.35 seconds single sex, women were interrupted more spoke less |
| Stanley | men positive words 220 words promiscuous woman 20 promiscuous man |
| Schultz | patriarchal order, lexical asymmetry |
| Bodine | androcentric language |
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