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| Question | Answer |
| Erikson defined the psychological conflict of the first 2 years as______. | Trust VS Mistrust |
| Erikson defined the conflict of toddlerhood to be______. | Autonomy VS Shame and Doubt |
| The social smile, which is evoked by the parent's communication, first appears between __ and ___ weeks. | 6,10 |
| Happiness, interest, surprise, fear, sadness, disgust, and anger are _____ emotions. | basic |
| Shame, guilt, envy, and pride are _____ emotions. | self-conscious |
| Thomas and Chess studied the development of children's _______ and classified it as either,______(40%),_______(10%),________(15%), ________ or_______(35%). | temperament, easy, difficult, slow to warm up, unclassified |
| The strong affectionate bond we have with special people in our life is called_____. | attachment |
| The Strange Situation measured attachment between 1 and 2 years of age and classified it as_______,_______,______,________,________. | secure, disorganized/disoriented, avoidant, resistant |
| The most worrisome form of attachment is______, while the preferred is _____. | disorganized/disoriented, secure |
| On average children add___-___ inches in height and about____ pounds in weight each year. | 2-3,5 |
| Between ages 2-6, approximately 45 new _______, or growth centers emerge in various parts of the skeleton. | epiphyses |
| Between ages 2-6 the brain increases from ___%-___% in size. | 70,90 |
| By age 4 many parts of the brain have overproduced synapses. This overproduction is followed by synaptic_____ in which neurons that are seldom stimulated loose their connective fibers and the number of synapses is reduced. | pruning |
| Synaptic pruning decreased_______, which is the brains ability to change is response to to experiences. | plasticity |
| What % of North American children have tooth decay? | 30 |
| Tooth de cay in young children is likely to be from ________, and _______. | poor diet, inadequate health care |
| _________ is a toxic element found in older homes with old paint on walls. It can cause a lower ____ and _______ problems. | IQ, behavior |
| Walking, running, throwing, and catching are examples of _____ motor skills. | gross |
| Dressing, eating, and drawing are examples of _____ motor skills. | fine |
| Piaget's second stage (from 2-7 years) is called________. | preoperational |
| Make believe or __________ play increases dramatically during preschool years. | sociodramatic |
| Sociodramatic play strengthens a variety of mental abilities such as:_______,________, logical ___________, _________ and _________, ________, and ________. | attention, memory, reasoning, language, literacy, imagination, creativity |
| _____________ is the term used when referring to a child's ability to recognize an object as what it is in its own right and as a symbol. This ability improves ion childhood. An example is: a cup is both a hat and a cup. | Dual-representation |
| Piaget viewed ________,the inability to distinguish the symbolic viewpoints of others from one's own, as the most fundamental deficiency of preoperational thinking. | egocentrism |
| The belief that inanimate objects have feelings and thoughts is called______ _______. | animistic thinking |
| __________ refers to the concept that certain physical characteristic of objects remain the same, even when appearances change | Conservation |
| The tendency to focus in one aspect of a situation and ignore other important features is called _______. | centration |
| Vygotsky calls self-directed speech ______ ______. | private speech |
| Children use private-speech when tasks are challenging but within their _______ __ _______ __________. | zone of proximal development |
| Adjusting support to fit a child's current level of performance during a teaching session is called ________. | scaffolding |
| _________________ is a broader consept than scaffolding, it refers to shared endeavors between more expert and less expert participants. | Guided participation |
| In reference to memory skills _____ is better than recall. | recognition |
| Preschoolers remember events in terms of ______, general descriptions of what occurs and when it occurs in a particular situation. | scripts |
| ________ is correcting incorrect speech by repeating it in the correct way. | Recasting |
| When children create a vocabulary rapidly by connecting new words with underling concepts it is referred to as _______ _______. | fast mapping |
| When children overextend the rules to words that are exceptions (it "breaked", I "eated") it is referred to as ____________. | overregularization |
| The social side of language, which refers to how to appropriately engage in communication with other sis called______. | pragmatics |
| Providing a literacy rich environment such as reading to children and supporting their efforts in writing are informal experiences that help construct literacy knowledge which is called_______ _______. | emergent literacy |
| Project _____ _______ is a federally funded program that started in the 1960s that provides low SES children with one or more years od preschool as well as with nutritional and health services. | Head Start |
| 5 signs of a developmentally appropriate early childhood program are_________________. | State licensure, teachers with college level training, Child: Teacher ratio does not exceed 10:1, clean space which is divided into richly equipped areas for various activities, positive teacher/child and teacher /parent interactions |
| Thinking about thinking is referred to as ______. | metacognition |
| Relying on word meaning to figure out grammatical rules is called__________. | semantic bootstrapping |
| Child centered programs involve learning that is acquired through ______. | play |
| Preschool or Kindergarten where teacher structures activity and includes repetitions and drill is called an _______ ________. | academic program |
| The aspect of our self-concept that refers to our sense of self worth is referred to as our _______-________. | self-esteem |
| _________ _____-_______ is the ability to identify, understand, and express emotions in healthy ways. | emotional self-regulation |
| Feeling with another person is called _____. | empathy |
| Feeling sorry for another person is called _____. | sympathy |
| _________ discipline refers to offering reasons for rules, is sensitive to emotional and physical limits, encourages mature behavior, and reduces opportunities for misbehavior. | Inductive |
| Harsh discipline style which often includes yelling and corporal punishment is called_______. | authoritarian |
| Watching others play is called_______. | Onlooker or solitary play |
| Playing near other children with similar materials is called_______. | parallel play |
| Engaging is separate activities but exchanging toys is called________. | associative play |
| Playing with a common goal in mind is ________. | cooperative play |
| In early childhood a person who likes you, okays with you, and shares toys is called a _______. | friend |
| setting boundaries and giving explanations | authoritative |
| "Do as I say!" | authoritarian |
| A parent who plays the role of a friend. | permissive |
| Indifferent parenting, or not caring what a child does, is called ________. | uninvolved |
| Name the three types of ineffective discipline. | 1.power assertive (harsh) 2.Corporal (spanking) 3. soft(all talk) |
| Name the three types of consequences. | 1.Natural ( what would happen naturally like falling when running, inappropriate when natural consequence is dangerous, must help child connect what happened with why)2.logical (related to behavior) 3.unrelated (has nothing to do with behavior being addressed) |
| What are the steps of inductive discipline? | 1. describe behavior 2.state rules or expectations positively 3.give warning 4.implement consequence |
| Three benefits of inductive discipline are ________,________, and _______. | less chance of becoming a bully, less likely to be bullied, greater chance of intervening correctly |
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