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Description
Flashcards by Megan Ching, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Megan Ching
about 7 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What do thylakoid membranes contain? | Photosynthetic pigments eg chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids |
| How does the absorption spectrum related to the action spectrum? | More absorption leads to more action, peaks in absorption spectrum will have corresponding peaks in the action spectrum. |
| What does it mean when a pigment is the photoreceptor for a process? | When the pigment has an absorption spectrum that matches a process's action spectrum. |
| Where do photosynthesis take place in? | Chloroplast |
| How many process do photosynthesis have? | 2 . light dependent reaction and Calvin cycle (light independent) |
| What is the general equation of photosynthesis? | Water + CO2 + Energy >>> Glucose + O2 + H20 12H2O + 6CO2 + Energy >>> C6H12O6 + 6O2 +H2O |
| Outline process for chemiosmosis | • Photo-excited electrons are passed down from photosystem's primary electron acceptor to a series of electron carriers in the electron transport chain. • As the electrons are transported along the series of electron carriers with progressively lower energy levels, energy released from the electron transport is used to pump H+ ions from the stroma, across the thylakoid membrane, into the thylakoid space. • A proton gradient is generated, with H+ concentration being much greater in the thylakoid space than in the stroma. • H+ ions diffuse from the thylakoid space into the stroma of the chloroplast, through ATP synthase. • ATP synthase catalyses the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi |
| what are the main process for Calvin Cycle | CO2 Fixation PGA Reduction RuBP Regeneration |
| Outline CO2 Fixation | • CO2 (1C) enters the calvin cycle and combines with a 5C compound called Ribulose Biphosphate (RuBP) • Catalysed by enzyme Rubisco • Forming an unstable immediate 6C compound. • Unstable 6C compound immediately splits into half to form 2 molecules of 3C compound called 3-phosphogycerate (PGA) |
| Outline PGA reduction | • PGA is reduced to form 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL), by electrons (hydrogen) from NADPH produced from the light dependent reaction. • Energy for this step comes from ATP produced in the light dependent reaction. • For every 3 molecules of CO2, 6 molecules of PGAL is formed. • Only 1 molecule of PGAL can exit the cycle to be used by the plant cell to synthesise carbobydrates (Sugar) • The other 5 molecules of PGAL must be recycled to regenerate 3 molecules of RuBP |
| Outline RuBP regeneration | In a complex series of reactions, the carbon skeletons of 5 molecules of PGAL are rearranged in the lsst steps of the calvin cycle, to form 3 molecules of RuBP. • Energy for these reactions come from ATP produced during the light dependent reaction. • RuBP is now prepared to receive CO2 again, and the cycle comtinues. • A total of 9 ATP and 6 NADPH is utilised to generate 1 molecule of PGAL. |
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