Assigment 1

Flowchart nodes

• What is Translation 

• The original text is called  The Source Text (ST)

• The other text is referred to  as  The Target Text (TT)

• The original verbal language is called The Source Language (SL)

• The latter verbal language is called The Target Language (TL)

• Refers to the act  of translator  changing an original written text in the original verbal language into a written text  in a different verbal language 

• Language and Culture 

• Decoding and Recording 

• Although translation has a central core if linguistic activity, it belongs most properly to semiotics, the science that studies sign systems or structures, sig process and functions   Translation involves the transfer of 'meaning' in one set of language  into another set  of language signs througt competent use of the dictionary and grammar and it involves a whole set of extra linguistic criteria also   Edward Sapir - language is a guide to social reality  and human beings are at mercy of the language that has become the medium of expression for their society   Notman - literature are as secondary modelling system " No language can exist  unless it is steeped in the context  of culture; and not culture can exist   which does not have at its centre, the structure of natural language 

• The translator operate criteria that trascend the purely and a process of decoing and recording takes place.   Nida - his model of translation process involves the analysis of the SL text, the transfer and the retructuring   in the TL   Where there is a rich set of semiotic  relationships, a word can be used in punning  and word play, a form of humour that operates  by confusing or mixing the various meanings    

• Types of Translation

• Jakobson  distinguish three kinds of translation Intralingual or rewording: interpretation of verbal signs by means of  other  signs in the same language    Interlingual  or translation proper: interpretation of verbal signs by means orf some other language    Intersemiotic or  transmutation: interpretation of verbal signs by means of  signs  of nonverbal sign systems    

• Problems of equivalence 

• The central problem in all types is that while messages may serve as adequate interpretations of code units or messaged, there is ordinarily  no full  equivalence trough  translation    Complete equivalence in the sense of synonymy  or sameness cannot  take place in any  of these categories , Jakobson  declares that all  poetic art is untransletable. Only  creative transposition is achievable   Georges Mounin - translation is a series of operations  of which  the starting point and the end product are significations  that functions  within a given culture 

• Assigment 1 Central Issues  Realized by : Annette Pérez RÍos                                           4-142-113                         Daisy A. Gaitán M.                                               4-751-1993