Attracts potential customers, motivates
and makes them buy.
A high price can cause negative feelings
about the products
A low price can be misleading for other
product features such as quality
Neoclasical price theory
The theory states that customers have different
tastes and preferences, and choose among
products to maximize satisfaction or utilit.
Pricing estrategies
Economy and Premium
Penetration or Low Price
Skimming
Competitor’s Pricing
Rigid Cost-Plus Strategy
Flexible Cost-plus Strategy
Dynamic Incremental Strategy
EXPORT PRICING
Marginal Costing
The marginal costing to ensure that their products are
competitively priced. Marginal costing ignores the fixed cost
incurred by companies, on the assumption that these costs will
be incurred by domestic sales anyway
The Right Optimum Price
The optimum pricing strategy for a product or service meets
the needs of both the buyer and the seller. Because when you
find the right price, profits will skyrocket and your business
will prosper.
The Loss Leader
No matter the cost, even at a loss in profits, this strategy has
one objective to eliminate the competition
Psychology of Pricing: Value
Bundling and Discounting
It helps build the perception of price and value. The
psychology of retail pricing is probably more important than
the price itself
REASONS FOR EXPORTING
Pull
The attractiveness of a potential foreign market.
Push
Products for intenacional and export markets
Minimize and spread the risk, and reduce its
dependence on one geographical market
Foreign markets,cultural, legal,
political, social and economic.
FACTORS PEST
Political Factors
The pricing is influenced by laws and
regulations,health and safety
standards,environmental regulations.
Social Factors
Firms need to examine carefully target market
country’s characteristics and purchasing behaviors, to
select appropriate pricing strategy
Technological Factors
Firms need to examine carefully target market
country’s characteristics and purchasing behaviors,
to select appropriate pricing strategy
Economic Factors
The level of PIB,population and density, inflation and
economic growth, age and distribution of income, level of
urbanization as well as other economic activities that will
affect markets and pricing.