Globalization & Diversity

Globalization & Diversity

1. World Regional Geography

   • The geographer´s toolbox: location maps, remote sensing, and gis.
     • Map projections
       • How the map is projected onto a flat service.
     • Map Scale
       • Is the difference of sizes between the ral world and the map
     • Latitude and longitude
       • Latitude: locate a point between the Equator and the poles. Longitude: locate a point between east or weast
     • Map patterns and legends
       • Is all the information that the map can represent, for example: climate, moutains, population etc...
     • Aerial photos and remote sensing
       • Are photos taked from airplanes, ballons or satellites and indicates all the information of a map
     • GIS
       • The "Geographic information system" is all the data collected of different sources, and is used to show patters.
   • Geography Matters: environments, regions, landscape.
     • Regions: Formal, functional and vernacular
       • Formal regions: are defined by the climate or cultural features. Functional regions: where a certain activity take palce. Vernacular regions: is defined by stereotypes and don't have a visible boundaries.
     • The Cultural landscape
       • Is the human habitat like: states, shoping malls, business and parks...
     • Areal differentiation and integration.
       • "Is the study of Earth´s surface." Differentation: pertaining to area. Integration: how places interact with one another.

2. Cultural coherence and diversity

   • • Language and culture in global context
     • • Characteristic that differentiates and define cultural groups
   • • Cultural in a globalizing world
     • • When cultures collide: cultural hybrids estrange influence creating a new one

3. Global climates and Human impacts

   • Tropical rain forest
     • • This bioregion occupies about 7% of the world’s land. • Rainfall amounts of 70 to 150 in (180 to 380 cm) • High average annual temperatures • Abundant sunlight
   • World Climate change
     • • Global Warming • Pollution • Greenhouse Effect • The International Debate on Limiting Emissions
   • Water
     • • As water becomes scarce, food production will decline • In Haiti, around 20% of children deaths were caused by waterborne diseases, which increased after the earthquake • Women and children have to walk long distances to get water
   • Climate control
     • • Solar Energy •Pressure systems • Global wind patterns • Topography

4. Globalization

   • • The environment and globalization
     • In some cases globalization develop a business and entry’s to firms that should to do things like contractions or other things and this: disrupt local ecosystems.
   • • Controversy about globalization
     • In the economic aspect today globalization is an important issue.
   • • Pro-globalization
     • It is a logical and inevitable expression of contemporary international capitalism.
   • Geopolitics and Globalization
     • The geopolitics made develop globalization without territorial restriction or national boundaries.
   • • Globalization and changing human geographies
     • Also globalization makes cultural changes. Sometimes this affects and hurts local economics.
   • • Economic globalization:
     • The economic reorganization is the major component of the economic globalization.

5. Population and settlement

   • Population growth.
     • Natural population increase
       • 1. Rate of natural increase (RNI) 2.Starting point for measuring demographic change 3.Provides the annual growth rate for a country or regions
     • Total Fertility Rate (TFR) and Young and Old Populations
       • 1. Artificial and synthetic number that measures the fertility of a statistically fictitious 2. Indicator that shows the proportion of a population about to enter the prime reproductive years
     • Original demographic transition model
       • Stage 1: characterized by high birth and death rates Stage 2: death rates fall dramatically, while birthrates remain high, producing a rapid rise in the RNI. Stage 3: people become aware of the advantages of smaller families in an urban and industrial setting. Stage 4: a low RNI results from a low birth and death rates; the static end point of change of a developing, urbanizing population.

6. Geopolitical framework

   • Push and Pull Forces
     • A) Push forces: civil stife, environmental degradation, or unemployment. B) Pull forces: better economic opportunities or health services. C) Informational networks: contactors who provide information on the mechanics of migration, transportation details, and housting and job opportunities.
   • Net Migration Rates
     • Measures the amount of immigration and emigration
   • Settlement Geography
     • A) Population Density: average number of people per area. B) An Urbanizing World: percentage of a country’s population living in cities

7. Economic and Social Development

   • • Indicators of economic development
     • GDP, GNI, PPP
   • • Indicators of social development
     • • Poverty and Mortality • Adult literacy