Prehistoric

1. To cure headaches/epilepsy by letting out evil spirits
2. Most people survived it
3. Never carried out on children

Annotations:

• bones were stripped of the flesh, bleached and buried in different piles

1. Nomadic
   1. No sewers/hospitals needed

1. Supernatural
   1. Charms
   2. Rituals
      1. Dances
      2. Ceremonies
   3. Poking sticks
   4. Beads
   5. Magic paintings
2. Natural

   Annotations:

   • Healers could have used these medicinal substances as part of their spiritual practices and, if the healing proved successful, could certainly have ascribed the success to the spirits, not to the substances they had used in the cure
   1. Clay casts for broken bones
   2. Willow leaves/animal fat + bark for cut

1. Would have combined healing with other spiritual functions

1. Prehistoric people did not have even the concept of curing illness through medicine