TRIZ

1. Law of Increasing degree of ideality

   Annotations:

   • The law of increasing degree of ideality states that technological system evolve toward an increasing degree of ideality
2. Law of non-uniform evolution of subsystem

   Annotations:

   • The law of non-uniform evolution of subsystem states that various parts of a system evolve at non-uniform rates
3. Law of transition to a higher-level system

   Annotations:

   • Technological  system evolve in a direction from mono-system to bi- or polysystems.
4. Law of increasing dynamism

   Annotations:

   • rigid structures evolve into flexible and adaptive ones, the system becomes more adaptable to the changing environment.
5. Law of transition to micro-level

   Annotations:

   • Technological systems evolve toward an increasing fragmentation of their components
6. Law of completeness

   Annotations:

   • The law of completeness states that an autonomous technological system has four principal parts: working means, transmission, engine and control means.
7. Law of increasing susbtance-field interactions
8. Law of harmonizations of rhytms

   Annotations:

   • The law of harmonization states that a necessary condition for the existence of an offective techonologcal system is coordination of the periodicity of actions of its parts.
9. Law of shortening of energy flow path (transmision of information)

   Annotations:

   • Technological systems evolve toward shortening the distance between the energy sources and working means

1. Function

   Annotations:

   • A function involves tow components: Objet (to be controlled) and tool (to exectute the required operation
   • A description of a function includes the action produced both the tool and the object. Nouns are used to describe actions.
   1. A TS perform one or more PF (Primeary Funtions)
      1. PF supported by on AFs (auxiliary Funtions)
   2. Tool
      1. Main Tool (MT)
      2. Auxiliary Tool (AT)
         1. Enabling

            Annotations:

            • Support the performance of the primary function
         2. Enhancing

            Annotations:

            • Boost (or modify) the performance of the main tool
         3. Measuring

            Annotations:

            • Gauge or detect the parameters of a system's componentes
         4. Correcting

            Annotations:

            • Allieviate or eliminate udesirable effects in the system
   3. Action
      1. Adecuade

         Annotations:

         • May benefit from further enhancement
      2. Inadecuate

         Annotations:

         • Requieres enhancement
      3. Absent

         Annotations:

         • Requieres introduction
      4. Harmful

         Annotations:

         • Requieres elimination
2. Ideal technological system

   Annotations:

   • Since technological systems are designed and built to perform certain functions, a better system obviously requires less material to build and maintain, and less energy to operate, to perform these functions. The concept of an ideal technological system was introduced by Altshuller; it is a system whose mass, dimensions, cost, energy consumption, etc. are approaching zero, but whose capability to perform the specified function is not diminishing.
   • The concept of the ideal system allows one to concentrate on the function to be per- formed (i.e., to ask the question, What is needed?) rather than on improving the existing system, which is performing the required function (asking the question, How can the system be fixed?).
3. Generic Approach for solving
   1. Using the ideality concept (objet)

      Annotations:

      • Elimination of either the tool or the objet
      1. Ideality tactic 1

         Annotations:

         • The object is eliminated, which causes the elimination of the tool and of all the useful and harmful actions.
      2. Ideality tactic 2

         Annotations:

         • The tool is eliminated, and the object (or one of its parts) itself performs the useful action.
      3. Ideality tactic 3

         Annotations:

         • The tool is eliminated, and its useful action is delegated to the environment or to another tool.
   2. Changing the conflicting components such that the harmful action disappears
      1. Physical contradictions

         Annotations:

         • A situation in which the same component ought to be in mutually exclusive physical states is called a physical contradiction. A physical contradiction is formulated by the pattern: ‘‘To perform action A1, the component (or its part) must have property P, but to perform (prevent, neutralize) action A2, this component (or its part) must have an opposite property –P.”
         • To perform action A1 the particles of the component must move quickly, and to prevent action A2 these particles must move slowly
         1. Macro-Physical Contradictions

            Annotations:

            • To perform action A1 the component must be hot, and to prevent action A2 the component must be cold
         2. Micro-Physical Contradictions

            Annotations:

            • for the component to be hot its particles have to move quickly; particles of a cold component would move slowly
         3. Separation principles
            1. Separation of opposite properties in time

               Annotations:

               • at one time a component has property P, and at another time it has an opposite property –P.
               • This separation principle is often based on the transition to flexible structures (in the sense of the law of increasing dynamism [flexibility]
            2. Separation of opposite properties in space

               Annotations:

               • one part of a component has property P, while another part has an opposite property –P.
               • This separation principle entails transition from mono- to bi-systems, in which each sub-system (component) possesses one of the opposing properties (and performs one of the conflicting actions).
            3. Separation of opposite properties between the whole and its parts

               Annotations:

               • a system has property P, while its components have an opposite property –P.
   3. Introducing a special component (tool) intended to eliminate or neutralize the harmful action.
      1. Blocking the harmful action
      2. Counteracting the harmful action
      3. Drawing the harmful action away from the affected component

Annotations:

• Thus, the object, the tool, and the energy of their inter- action are necessary and sufficient to build a model of a minimal technological system performing only one function (Fig. 3.1). An effectively performed function requires  the presence of, and interaction among, these three elements. The triad “object–tool–energy” is described in TRIZ in terms of substances and fields

1. Typical sufield transformations: the Standards

   Annotations:

   • The use of the Standards begins with abstracting an initial sufield model (ISM ) from a freely worded description of a problem or situation (depending on one’s understanding of the problem, more than one ISM may be compiled)
   1. Synthesis of complete sufields

      Annotations:

      • The primary approach to the synthesis of sufields directly follows the definition of a minimal technological system.
      1. Standard 1.1.1

         Annotations:

         •  To enhance the effectiveness and controllability of an incomplete sufield, it must be completed by introducing the missing elements.
   2. Elimination of harmful actions in sufields

      Annotations:

      • The following group of Standards resolves situations (system conflicts) when two substances in a complete sufield experience, both useful and harmful interactions with each other. The task is to retain the useful interaction while eliminating the harmful one. Frequently, this can be achieved by introducing a new, third substance, S 3 , that partitions the original substances.
      1. Standard 1.2.1

         Annotations:

         • The added substance should be as inexpensive as possible, preferably made from readily available resources.
         •  If both useful and harmful actions develop between two substances, and the use of outside substances is allowed, then a third substance should be introduced between the two.
      2. Standard 1.2.2

         Annotations:

         • To produce modified substances, several approaches can be used. It may be possible to change the aggregate state of the available resource substances. 
         • If both useful and harmful actions develop between two substances, and the use of outside substances is prohibited or undesirable, then a third substance, which is a mod- ification of at least one of the original substances, should be introduced between the two
      3. Standard 1.2.4

         Annotations:

         • If both useful and harmful actions develop between two substances, and a direct contact between the substances should be maintained, then the useful action is provided by the existing field F1 while a second field, F2, neutralizes the harmful action.
   3. Detection and measurement sufields

      Annotations:

      • In measurement/detection problems, a system whose parameters or physical state have to be gauged is given, and it cannot be changed.
      •  Ideally, a system should function so that the need for measurement/detection of its parameters does not exist. This approach is manifested in the following Standard:
      1. Standard 4.1.1

         Annotations:

         • If there is a problem requiring measurement or detection in a system, then the system should be changed so that the need to measure or detect it is eliminated.
      2. Standard 4.2.1

         Annotations:

         • If it is difficult to measure or detect elements of an incomplete sufield, then this sufield has to be completed and have a field as its output.
      3. How to introduce subtance into sufield
         1. Standard 5.1.1

            Annotations:

            • If a substance needs to be added to the system, but it is unacceptable due to the problem specifications or the performance conditions, then some indirect ways should be used.
            1. Use a substance that is already a part of the system’s environment.
            2. Use voids instead of substances.
            3. Use a modification of the object or its part (ingredient) as a tool.
            4. Obtain a substance from a chemical compound.
            5. Use a field instead of a substance.
      4. How to introduce new fields into sufields
         1. Standard 5.2.1

            Annotations:

            • Use fields readily available in the system.
         2. Standard 5.2.2

            Annotations:

            • If internal fields are not available, use fields present in the system’s environment.
         3. Standard 5.2.3

            Annotations:

            • If neither internal nor external fields are readily available, then use fields whose car- riers or sources are the substances already present in the system or in the system’s environment.