Lipids and Dyslipidemia

Annotations:

• apo lipo

Annotations:

• what is cholesterol
• forward cholesterol transport
• reverse cholesterol transport

Annotations:

• Metabolic syndrome
• Risk Factors
• Risk Markers
• what hyperlipidemia looks like

1. Atherosclerosis (attach PAD conference and see pathlogy)

   Annotations:

   • structure of normal arterial wall: -intima is closest to lumen and blood and has single layer of endothelial barrier cells -media is middle andn thickest -adventitia is outer normal endothelial layer: -mostly antithrombotic molecules -secrete vasodilators (NO/prostacyclin) and vasoconstrictors (endothelin). normally vasodilators predominate. -immune response -impermeable to large molecules -anti inflammatory -resist leukocyte adhesion normal smooth muscle cells -normal contractility -maintain ECM -media
   • inflammation endothelial cells -increased permeability -inflammatory cytokines -increased leukoocyte adhesion molecules -decreased vasodilation -decreased antithrombosis inflammation smooth muscle cells -increased inflammatory cytokines: IL 1 and TNF alpha -increased ECM synthesis -increased migration and proliferation into subintima
   • What do you look for on pathology? -identify that it is a coronary artery by seeing the thick three layers of the artery surrounded by fat with an occluded lumen -in the lumen, look for narrowing of the white space because of the pink thrombi inside -look for chronic inflammation (lymphocytes) -look for white slivers of cholesterol crystals -look for foam cells that are white engorged spaces with black stuff at the edges -look for pale areas that are plaques with blue crystals -look for fibrosis or RBCs that are hemorrhaging

   Attachments:

   • Peripheral Artery Disease
   1. How does it happen
2. Treatment