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1014836
Skeletons
Description
Mind Map on Skeletons, created by Trinity Liao on 06/18/2014.
No tags specified
year 11
Mind Map by
Trinity Liao
, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by
Trinity Liao
over 10 years ago
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Resource summary
Skeletons
WHAT IS IT?
a living framework inside the body
supports and shapes the body
allows us to move
average of 206 bones in an adult
anchors the muscles to help us move
without the skeletal system, the body would collapse into a shapeless heap
acts as a storage for calcium
protects the important organs of the body
TYPES OF BONES
SKULL/CRANIUM
protects the important organs (brain and the senses)
made up of two types of bones (facial and cranial bones)
22 flat and irregular bones
shapes the face
bones are locked together by joints called sutures
forms the mouth
CORE OF THE BODY
consists of the ribcage
spine, ribs and sternum
holds the body upright
flexible
supports the centre of the body and the head
allows us to bend
consists of bones called 'vertebrae'
26 vertebrae in the spine
UPPER/LOWER LIMB
UPPER LIMB
27 bones in both hands
The hands contain over a quarter of the skeleton’s bones
Bones in arms are flexible
Shoulder joint allows movement in arms
LOWER LIMB
Leg bones support and move the body
Helps us stay in balance + stay upright
Femur is the biggest and strongest bone
26 bones in each foot
REST OF THE SKELETON
protects organ in abdomen
hips and pelvis forms a bowl-shaped ring of bones
connects the legs to the backbone
pelvis is different in men and women
bones vary in size and shape
the size and shape of the bone depends on its role
every bone in the body falls into one of the four types (long, short, flat or irregular bones)
STRUCTURE INSIDE A BONE
bone has a hard outer layer and an light inner layer
bone tissue is made up of calcium phosphate and fibres of collagen
centre of the bone is a cavity containing bone marrow
bone marrow makes blood cells
compact bone tissue is very dense and heavy
inside the compact bone is a layer of cancellous bone
a thin membrane called periosteum, covers each bone
periosteum contains nerves and blood vessels
DEVELOPMENT
When a baby is born, their skeleton is built of flexible cartilage
As we grow, cartilage is replaced with harder bone
When a baby is born, the skull bones are linked by softer membranes called fontanelles
Fontanelles allow the skull to expand to make room for the brain
By the time a baby reaches 18 months, the fontanelles are replaced with bones
The face of a baby are smaller than the skull
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