- Koko is a group made up of 6
professional musicians. - They come
from the country 'Burkina Faso'. - The
word 'Yiri' means 'wood'. - The song
might be called Yiri because all the
instruments heard in it (other than the
bell) are made of wood. - Koko
performed Yiri from memory and the
score was made later by notating the
music heard on the recording. This is
otherwise known as 'transcription'.
Instrumentation
The following 3 instruments are heard in Koko's
'Yiri': 1) The djembe - a drum that is played with
the hands. 2) The Balafon - it's an instrument
similar to the xylophone but is made up of wooden
bars which are all tuned to different pitches. 3) The
Talking Drum - a drum played with a hooked stick.
Talking drums can be used to imitate speech by
creating different slides and pitches. The
musicians also sing and are split into a soloist
singer and a chorus.
Structure
The piece is in 3 different sections: - The
introduction, in which the Balafon plays a
solo using tremolo (very quick repetition of a
single note). - The main section which
consists of the drums playing an ostinato
and a strong clear pulse. Choruses and
Balafon solos alternate in this section and
in the very middle there is a vocal solo in
which call-and-response is used. - The
coda, in which a short phrase for Balafon is
played 5 times but varied slightly each time.
The drum ostinato, first heard in the main
section, is interrupted by rests and a bell is
sounded to mark the end of the piece.
Melody, Harmony and Tonality
- Yiri is in the key of G♭ Major. - Most of the music is
hexatonic (based on a 6 note scale). - The balafons
play short patterns that fall from high to low and
tend to emphasise the notes G♭ and D♭. - During
the choruses, the group sings together and, much
like the balofon, they sing short, falling phrases that
emphasise the G♭ and D♭ notes.
Rhythm, Metre and Tempo
- The main metre is 4/4,
although there are a couple
of exceptions. - After the
introduction, the rest of the
piece stays at a steady pulse.
- Syncopation is used
frequently throughout,
especially in the vocals and
balafon parts. - Triplets are
used by the vocal soloist. -
During one of the vocal solos
the balafons create
cross-rhythms by playing
semi-quavers in groups of 3.
- Rhythmic ostinatos are
created by the drums and
continue throughout the
whole piece. The ostinato
consists of a quaver and then
2 semi-quavers that are
repeated.
Texture and Dynamics
The majority of the piece has a
layered texture, however the
introduction has a monophonic
texture.Occasional heterophonic
textures are created, for example,
when the two balafons play
different versions of the same
tune simultaneously. There is
very little variation in dynamics in
Yiri.